RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The creation of a surveillance system allowing the study of the evolution of the tendency of influenza and act as an alert system for undertaking control measures is necessary due to the great variability characteristic of the circulation of influenza virus. The Madrid Influenza Surveillance Group was therefore designed. The activity carried out during its first five years of existence is evaluated. METHODS: The field work of the Group is based on the clinical study of patients with influenza, among which some are selected for virologic study with the aim to isolate and characterize the circulating virus. The data obtained by the work group itself are used as the dates of the System of Obligatory Disease Declaration and the System of Microbiologic Information as epidemiologic support to define the outbreaks observed. RESULTS: All the virus isolated were similar to those recommended by the World Health Organization for their inclusion in anti-influenza vaccination, with their circulation being largely reproduced throughout Europe. In three of the five seasons studied the type A virus prevailed leading to earlier outbreaks and a greater number of cases than in the two seasons with type B prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: The circulation of the influenza virus in Madrid coincides with that of the rest of Spain at both the maximum peak and relative incidence as well as the type of prevailing virus. The minor circulation detected by the Madrid Group is in concordance with the data provided by the other autonomic communities.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A , Vírus da Influenza B , Influenza Humana/transmissão , Vigilância da População , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/microbiologia , Estações do Ano , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Se estudió el efecto anticonceptivo, los efectos secundarios y las modificaciones en los sangrados menstruales, el peso corporal, la presión arterial y constantes de laboratorio, en dos grupos de mujeres: el primero utilizando la mezcla anticonceptiva de 150 mcg de desogestrel y 30 mcg de etinil estradiol y el segundo la de 150 mcg de levo-norgestrel y 30 mcg de etinil estradiol. Se estudiaron en total 252 mujeres, durante 4.332 ciclos, con un tiempo máximo de consumo de 34 ciclos. Los resultados mostraron un muy favorable efecto del desogestrel/etinil estradiol sobre el peso corporal, que no aumentó sino aun disminuyó con esta mezcla, la cual además produjo menores alteraciones del sangrado menstrual, mínimos e insignificantes efectos secundarios, gran tolerancia y un alto índice de continuidad de 89%
