Increased PD-L1 and p16 expression are common in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Overexpression of p16 is closely related to human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and pertains a prognostic relevance. Programmed cell death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is another important marker, as anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy is available. Retrospective analysis of 57 cases of the SCC involving oropharynx (27 cases), hypopharynx (5 cases), larynx (11 cases), and oral cavity (14 cases) was performed. Each case was scrutinized for the basaloid morphology, p16, and PD-L1 expression. Basaloid morphology was identified in 47% of total cases. The majority of basaloid SCC variants were located in the oropharynx (89%). High expression of p16 was mostly observed in the oropharynx. High PD-L1 expression was seen predominantly in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal locations. Further studies in a larger cohort are necessary to correlate PD-L1 and p16 expression with survival.

Myelolipoma of renal sinus in a patient with end-stage renal disease: A rare differential diagnosis in renal neoplasms.

Myelolipoma is an uncommon benign neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements. Myelolipoma occurs most frequently in the adrenal gland but occasionally can be seen in extra-adrenal locations such as lung, liver, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, and kidney. We report a case of extra-adrenal myelolipoma presented as a localized asymptomatic mass in the renal sinus of left native kidney of a 60-year-old woman. The patient was being investigated for end-stage renal disease status post renal transplant. Histologic examination of the lesion showed classic features for myelolipoma. Our case illustrates the awareness of this entity in unusual location and the appropriate use of diagnostic modalities to prevent unnecessary surgical interventions particularly in patients with major co-morbidity in the future.

Multiple renal capillary hemangiomas in a patient with end-stage renal disease.

Renal capillary hemangiomas are rare and benign vascular tumors which are typically incidentally discovered on imaging. Surgical excision is often performed, as imaging appearance is similar to malignant lesions. Renal hemangiomas are typically solitary and unilateral. We present a rare case of multiple renal capillary hemangiomas in a patient with end-stage renal disease. Two hemangiomas were detected on imaging and 2 smaller hemangiomas were detected upon pathological evaluation, suggesting there may be a wider prevalence of smaller, radiographically-occult renal hemangiomas.