RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term creatine supplementation on exercise performance in male athletes depending on the studied genotypes. The present study was limited as long as to two common polymorphisms, such as C34T AMPD1 and Pro12Ala PPARG, selected because previously reported these associations with various aspects of metabolic abnormalities. Athletes had significantly higher frequency of T allele compared to controls AMPD1 34T (7.9 vs. 15.6 %, p < 0.0001) and PPARG 12Ala allele compared to controls (20.7 vs. 15.8%, p < 0.0001). During the experimental period, 21 football players were randomly assigned to either creatine (n = 11) or a dextrose (placebo) (n = 10) supplementation groups. The best response to creatine was presented by AMPD1 CC genotype. Increases in relative VO2(max) values were a significantly (p = 0.052) higher in AMPD1 CT genotype carriers (n = 3; 2.94 ± 0.59 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) than AMPD1 CC genotype carriers (n = 8; 0.03 ± 0.01 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)). We found decrease blood lactate accumulation (La(max)) in AMPD1 CT genotype by 0.84 ± 0.05 mmol x L(-1), and increase by 0.63 ± 0.17 mmol x L(-1) (p = 0.034) in AMPD1 CC genotype.
Assuntos
AMP Desaminase/genética , Creatina/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , PPAR gama/genética , Resistência Física/efeitos dos fármacos , Esforço Físico/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Alelos , Atletas , Expressão Gênica , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Resistência Física/genética , Esforço Físico/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Futebol , Capacidade Vital/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The authors review potentialities of the use of the four-probe methods for measuring specific electric conductivity (SE) on biological objects. An analysis was made of the main causes of the method limitations and occurrence of errors during low-frequency measurements. As a result a design of a four-electrode conductometric set up is suggested with a purpose of measuring SE of biological objects of undefined geometrical form with a high accuracy of measurements at low frequencies. The positive effect was attained at the expense of reducing the impedance of potential electrodes at low frequencies.
