Sonographic assessment of urolithiasis in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Background: Urolithiasis may result in many complications including renal failure. There is a paucity of documented scientific study on the prevalence of urolithiasis in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital within the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of urolithiasis in patients undergoing ultrasound at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This study which adopted a survey approach was conducted at the Department of Radiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital between June 2014 and May 2015. A total of 2310 patients that underwent abdominopelvic ultrasound in the department who aged between 2 and 64 years and met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. They were recruited using a convenience (nonprobability) sampling technique. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and analyzed using Student's t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 2310 patients were scanned, 31 patients were sonographically identified with urolithiasis. The prevalence of urolithiasis was 13.4/1000. The mean age was 31.12 ± 3.69 years. There were 58.06% males and 41.93% females giving a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. The peak age of incidence was 21-50 years. Majority (22 [71%]) were located in the upper urinary tract, whereas 9 (27%) were in the lower urinary tract. The most common presenting symptoms were flank/loin pains (renal colic) noted in 12 (40%) patients, followed by hematuria in 4 (13.3%) patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of urolithiasis was 13.4/1000. This information can be utilized in formulating future health plans for prevention of urolithiasis in the hospitals within this locality.

RésuméInformations de base: L'urolithiasis peut résulter en beaucoup de complications y compris l'insuffisance rénale. Il y a manque d'études scientifiques documentées sur la prévalence de l'urolithiasis à l'Hôpital d'Enseignement Universitaire situé au territoire de la capitale fédérale du Nigéria. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer la prévalence de l'urolithiasis sur les malades qui subissent l'ultrason à l'Hôpital d'Enseignement Universitaire d'Abuja. Matériaux et méthodes: Cette recherche qui a adopté l'approche d'enquête à l'Hôpital d'Enseignement Universitaire a été faite au Département de Radiologie de l'Hôpital d'Enseignement Universitaire d'Abuja entre juin 2014 et mai 2015. Âgés de 2 et 64 ans, 2.310 de malades au total qui ont subi l'ultrason abnomino-pelvien, ayant répondu aux critères d'inclusion, étaient examinés dans le département. Ils ont été examinés en servant de la technique d'échantillonage de commodité (non probabilité). Les données obtenues ont été soumises aux statistiques descriptives et analysées en employant le test de t. P < 0,05 était considéré statistiquement significatif. Résultats: 2.310 de malades au total étaient examinés alors que 31 malades étaient identifiés échographiquement avec l'urolithiasis. La prévalence de l'urolithiasis était 13,4/1.000. L'âge médian était 31,12 ± 3,69 ans. Il y avait 58,06% du sexe masculin et 41,93% du sexe féminin donnant la proportion du sexe féminin-au-sexe féminin de 1,3:1. L'apogée de l'âge d'incidence était 21 ­ 50 ans. La majorité (22 [71%]) se trouvait aux voies urinaires supérieures alors que 9 (27%) était aux voies urinaires inférieures. Les signes d'appel les plus communs étaient les douleurs renales remarquées en 12 (40%) de malades, suivis de hématurie en 4 (13,3%) des malades. Conclusion: La prévalence d'urolithiasis était 13,4/1.000. On peut servir de ces renseignements dans l'avenir dans la formulation des plans de santé pour la prévention de l'urolithiasis dans les hôpitaux des environs.

Uterine Roundness Index: Model Formulation and Nomogram for a Nigerian Population

This study was aimed to establish a nomogram for uterine roundness index (UTRI) for a Nigerian population. Seven hundred Nigerian girls and women in the premenarche; nulliparous; multiparous and postmenopausal groups with normal uteri were evaluated by pelvic ultrasound. The length; anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the uterus were measured and the UTRI calculated as the ratio of anteroposterior diameter to the length. The age; height; and parity of the subject were recorded. The mean UTRI +SD were 0.44457+0.0629 for premenarche; 0.5880+0.1118 for nulliparous; 0.6005+0.1046 for multiparous and 0.5269+0.1037 for postmenopausal. Pearson's correlation analysis showed significant correlation between UTRI and age; height and weight in premenarche group and weight in the nulliparous; multiparous and postmenopausal groups (p 0.05). Significant negative correlation between UTRI and age occurred only in the postmenopausal group (p 0.05). The study has established a nomogram for UTRI in a Nigeria population which will be of gynaecological importance to sonographers and referring clinicians in assessing the normality of uterine shapes and contour

Normal sonographic renal length in adult southeast Nigerians.

The renal lengths of 200 adults with normal renal and cardiac status were measured sonographically in the supine position to establish normative values of renal length for the locality and to correlate them with some anthropometric parameters. The ranges of normal kidney length obtained were 8.3 -12.8 cm and 8.0- 12.5 cm for the left and right kidneys respectively. The mean renal lengths of males were slightly higher than those of females. Renal length correlated positively with subject weight and not with the height or age of patients. This study was able to establish a normogram of renal length for the locality, with mean renal length of 10.6 cm and 10.3 cm for the left and right kidneys respectively. The renal lengths obtained showed no racial dependence. The positive correlation with body weight seems to substantiate the longer lengths of male kidneys versus female kidneys. The study also established a confidence interval of difference between right and left kidneys for the different age groups that could prove invaluable in making critical decisions on size differences in unilateral renal disease.