Myectomy versus alcohol septal ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVES: There is very little evidence comparing the safety and efficacy of alcohol septal ablation versus septal myectomy for a septal reduction in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to compare the immediate and long-term outcomes of these procedures. METHODS: Following propensity score matching, we retrospectively analysed outcomes in 105 patients who underwent myectomy and 105 who underwent septal ablation between 2011 and 2017 at 2 reference centres. RESULTS: The mean age was 51.9 ± 14.3 and 52.2 ± 14.3 years in the myectomy and ablation groups, respectively (P = 0.855), and postoperative left ventricular outflow tract gradients were 13 (10-19) mmHg vs 16 (12-26) mmHg; P = 0.025. The 1-year prevalence of the New York Heart Association class III-IV was higher in the ablation group (none vs 6.4%; P = 0.041). The 5-year overall survival rate [96.8% (86.3-99.3) after myectomy and 93.5% (85.9-97.1) after ablation; P = 0.103] and cumulative incidence of sudden cardiac death [0% and 1.9% (0.5-7.5), respectively P = 0.797] did not differ between the groups. The cumulative reoperation rate within 5 years was lower after myectomy than after ablation [2.0% (0.5-7.6) vs 14.6% (8.6-24.1); P = 0.003]. Ablation was associated with a higher reoperation risk (subdistributional hazard ratio = 5.9; 95% confidence interval 1.3-26.3, P = 0.020). At follow-up, left ventricular outflow tract gradient [16 (11-20) vs 23 (15-59) mmHg; P < 0.001] and prevalence of 2+ mitral regurgitation (1.1% vs 10.6%; P = 0.016) were lower after myectomy than after ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Both procedures improved functional capacity; however, myectomy better-resolved classes III-IV of heart failure. Septal ablation was associated with higher reoperation rates. Myectomy demonstrated benefits in gradient relief and mitral regurgitation elimination. The results suggest that decreasing rates of myectomy procedures need to be investigated and reconsidered.

Outcomes of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients undergoing alcohol septal ablation with a standard 3 mL dose of ethanol: Focus on long-term safety.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this research was to assess the long-term results of alcohol septal ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), with all of them receiving a standard 3 mL ethanol dose. BACKGROUND: Generally, ethanol (0.5-3 mL) is infused depending on a septal artery width or interventricular septum (IVS) thickness during alcohol septal ablation. We injected 3 mL of ethanol irrespective of IVS thickness or perforator width in all cases. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2017, 150 HOCM patients (78 males, 72 females) underwent alcohol septal ablation procedures. In all cases we intentionally used the constant dose of ethanol (3 mL). The median of age was 52 (interquartile range: 41-60) years. RESULTS: The median of follow-up was 71 (interquartile range: 36-110) months. Hospital mortality was 0.67% (one patient died of sepsis). Perioperative high-grade atrioventricular blocks required permanent pacemaker implantations-18 (12%). Long-term survival rates were as follows: 95.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92.7-97.5%), 85.8% (95% CI: 83.7-87.0%), and 81.7% (95% CI: 79.7-83.7%) at 5-, 10-, and 15-year follow-up, respectively. One-sample log-rank test revealed no significant differences in 15-year survival rates between the alcohol septal ablation cohort and age- and sex-matched Russian population. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol septal ablation with the standard (3 mL) ethanol dose is safe and efficient. Survival rates after alcohol septal ablation are comparable with those in age- and sex-matched general Russian population.