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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37360558

RESUMO

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products present potential risks to human health and the environment. In particular, wastewater treatment plants often detect emerging pollutants that disrupt biological treatment. The activated sludge process is a traditional biological method with a lower capital cost and limited operating requirements than more advanced treatment methods. In addition, the membrane bioreactor combines a membrane module and a bioreactor, widely used as an advanced method for treating pharmaceutical wastewater with good pollution performance. Indeed, the fouling of the membrane remains a major problem in this process. In addition, anaerobic membrane bioreactors can treat complex pharmaceutical waste while recovering energy and producing nutrient-rich wastewater for irrigation. Wastewater characterizations have shown that wastewater's high organic matter content facilitates the selection of low-cost, low-nutrient, low-surface-area, and effective anaerobic methods for drug degradation and reduces pollution. However, to improve the biological treatment, researchers have turned to hybrid processes in which all physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods are integrated to remove various emerging contaminants effectively. Hybrid systems can generate bioenergy, which helps reduce the operating costs of the pharmaceutical waste treatment system. To find the most effective treatment technique for our research, this work lists the different biological treatment techniques cited in the literature, such as activated sludge, membrane bioreactor, anaerobic treatment, and hybrid treatment, combining physicochemical and biological techniques.

2.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 1673, 2023 01 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36717660

RESUMO

New cellulose carbamates and cellulose acetate carbamates were prepared by classical addition reaction of isocyanates with alcohols. A Telomerization technique was used to make the grafted molecules strongly anchored and more hydrophobic. These molecules were grafted into cellulose and CA chains, respectively. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared and Thermogravimetric Analysis, and their solubility phenomenon was also established, and the carbamate derivatives showed better solubility compared to cellulose. Their ability to biodegrade was investigated, and it was concluded that Cell-P1 and CA-P1 derivatives are more biodegradable than the other samples. These results suggest that the resulting compounds can be used effectively in many useful industrial fields, for instance, eco-friendly food packaging, domains that use materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable and the development of green chemistry.


Assuntos
Carbamatos , Celulose , Biodegradação Ambiental , Solubilidade , Celulose/química , Carbamatos/química , Polímeros , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
3.
Rev Sci Tech ; 40(2): 455-468, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34542102

RESUMO

The pace of digital disruption over the past few years has been spectacular, transforming every sector of the economy, including animal production, health and welfare. This paper reviews some advanced digital technologies that may shape the future of Veterinary Services. These technologies are all data driven and are illustrated by three examples that fall under the following categories: a) wireless and mobile technologies for animal health monitoring, disease surveillance, reporting and information sharing; b) advanced data-processing technologies, such as big data and data analytics used to detect patterns, make predictions, find correlations and other information; and c) promising technologies such as blockchain applications, used for effective and efficient management of various input supply chains. The authors briefly discuss current challenges to increasing the use of these technologies in the animal health sector, along with some implications for Veterinary Services. Digital technologies will have a profound effect on how animal health services are delivered and how animal health systems are managed. It is therefore crucial for Veterinary Services to be proactive and adapt to the ongoing digital transformation. Investment in new technologies and preparing the current and future veterinary workforce with the necessary digital skills and knowledge to stay up to date and at the centre of digital innovation in animal health should be a priority for the years to come.


L'accélération de la perturbation numérique depuis quelques années est spectaculaire, transformant tous les secteurs de l'économie, y compris la production animale, la santé animale et le bien-être des animaux. Les auteurs s'intéressent à certaines technologies numériques de pointe qui pourraient influencer le devenir des Services vétérinaires. Toutes ces technologies sont orientées données et trouvent leur illustration dans trois exemples qui se répartissent dans les catégories suivantes : a) les technologies sans fil et mobiles appliquées au suivi de la santé animale, à la surveillance des maladies, aux notifications des foyers et à l'échange d'informations ; b) les technologies avancées de traitement des données, dont les mégadonnées et l'analytique de données qui servent à mettre en évidence des structures sous-jacentes, à extraire des schémas prédictifs, à relever des corrélations et à générer d'autres informations ; c) des technologies prometteuses comme les applications « blockchain ¼ (chaînes de blocs) utilisées pour une gestion efficace et efficiente de diverses chaînes d'approvisionnement en intrants. Les auteurs résument brièvement les défis actuels associés au recours accru à ces technologies dans le secteur de la santé animale et en font ressortir certaines répercussions sur les Services vétérinaires. Les technologies numériques vont profondément affecter les modalités de la prestation des services de santé animale ainsi que la gestion des systèmes de santé animale. Par conséquent, il est crucial que les Services vétérinaires anticipent cette évolution et s'adaptent à la transformation numérique en cours. L'investissement dans les nouvelles technologies et les efforts visant à doter les professionnels vétérinaires actuels et futurs des compétences et des connaissances numériques nécessaires pour rester informés et au centre de l'innovation numérique dans le domaine de la santé animale doivent être les priorités des prochaines années.


De unos años a esta parte, el universo digital viene cambiando a un ritmo espectacular y transformando a su estela todos los sectores de la economía, lo que incluye la producción, la sanidad y el bienestar animales. Los autores pasan revista a algunas avanzadas tecnologías digitales que pueden determinar el porvenir de los Servicios Veterinarios. Para ilustrar estas tecnologías, todas ellas basadas en el uso de datos, ofrecen tres ejemplos correspondientes a otras tantas categorías: a) dispositivos móviles e inalámbricos de seguimiento zoosanitario, vigilancia de enfermedades, notificación e intercambio de información; b) tecnologías avanzadas de tratamiento de datos, como las de macrodatos o las de análisis de datos empleadas para descubrir patrones ocultos, efectuar predicciones, determinar correlaciones u obtener otro tipo de información; y c) tecnologías prometedoras, como las aplicaciones de cadena de bloques utilizadas para gestionar con eficacia y eficiencia varias cadenas de suministro de insumos. Los autores examinan someramente las dificultades que existen actualmente para aplicar en mayor medida estas tecnologías en el sector de la sanidad animal, así como algunas de las consecuencias que traen consigo para los Servicios Veterinarios. Las tecnologías digitales tendrán un profundo efecto en los modos de prestación de servicios zoosanitarios y de gestión de los sistemas de sanidad animal. Por ello es crucial que los Servicios Veterinarios tomen la iniciativa y se adapten a la transformación digital que ya está en curso. Para los años venideros la prioridad debería cifrarse en invertir en nuevas tecnologías y en aportar al personal veterinario del presente y del futuro los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos sobre cuestiones digitales que necesita no solo para mantenerse al día, sino también para protagonizar la innovación digital en el terreno de la sanidad animal.


Assuntos
Tecnologia Digital , Tecnologia , Animais
5.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd ; 1632019 10 02.
Artigo em Holandês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31580031

RESUMO

A 55-year-old woman presented at the Emergency Department with flank pain. She was pale, hemodynamically unstable, and had a palpable mass in her right flank. CTA of the abdomen revealed a bleeding from an angiomyolipoma of the right kidney, which was successfully treated by selective coiling of the supplying renal artery.


Assuntos
Dor Aguda/cirurgia , Angiomiolipoma/cirurgia , Dor no Flanco/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Dor Aguda/etiologia , Angiomiolipoma/complicações , Feminino , Dor no Flanco/etiologia , Humanos , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Rim/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Renal/cirurgia
6.
Rev Sci Tech ; 38(1): 303-314, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31564720

RESUMO

Under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), a legally binding document adopted by 196 States Parties, countries are required to develop their capacity to rapidly detect, assess, notify and respond to unusual health events of potential international concern. To support countries in monitoring and enhancing their capacities and complying with the IHR (2005), the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (IHR MEF). This framework comprises four complementary components: the State Party Annual Report, the Joint External Evaluation, after-action reviews and simulation exercises. The first two are used to review capacities and the second two to help to explore their functionality. The contribution of different disciplines, sectors, and areas of work, joining forces through a One Health approach, is essential for the implementation of the IHR (2005). Therefore, WHO, in partnership with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and other international and national partners, has actively worked on facilitating the inclusion of the relevant sectors, in particular the animal health sector, in each of the four components of the IHR MEF. Other tools complement the IHR MEF, such as the WHO/OIE IHR-PVS [Performance of Veterinary Services] National Bridging Workshops, which facilitate the optimal use of the results of the IHR MEF and the OIE Performance of Veterinary Services Pathway and create an opportunity for stakeholders from animal health and human health services to work on the coordination of their efforts. The results of these various tools are used in countries' planning processes and are incorporated in their National Action Plan for Health Security to accelerate the implementation of IHR core capacities. The present article describes how One Health is incorporated in all components of the IHR MEF.


En vertu du Règlement sanitaire international (RSI, 2005), instrument juridique ayant force obligatoire pour les 196 États Parties dans le monde, les pays s'engagent à renforcer leurs capacités de détection, d'évaluation, de notification et de réaction en cas d'événements sanitaires inhabituels ou présentant une dimension internationale inquiétante. Le Cadre de suivi et d'évaluation du RSI (2005) a été élaboré par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) afin de soutenir les pays souhaitant évaluer et améliorer leurs capacités et leur niveau de conformité avec le RSI (2005). Ce cadre comprend quatre composantes complémentaires : le rapport annuel de l'État Partie, l'Évaluation extérieure conjointe, les examens « après action¼ et les exercices de simulation. Les deux premières composantes permettent de faire le point sur les capacités tandis que les deux dernières visent une connaissance détaillée de leur fonctionnement. La mise en oeuvre du RSI (2005) demande aux différentes disciplines, secteurs et domaines d'activités de fédérer leurs forces dans une approche Une seule santé. Par conséquent, en partenariat avec l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), avec l'Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE) et avec d'autres partenaires internationaux et nationaux, l'OMS a fait en sorte de faciliter l'intégration de tous les secteurs concernés, en particulier celui de la santé animale, dans les diverses composantes du Cadre d'évaluation du RSI. D'autres outils complètent celui-ci, en particulier les ateliers de liaison nationaux OMS/OIE sur le RSI et le Processus d'évaluation des performances des Services vétérinaires (PVS), dont le but est de faciliter l'utilisation optimale des résultats du Cadre d'évaluation du RSI et du Processus PVS de l'OIE et de fournir aux acteurs des services de santé animale et de santé publique la possibilité de se concerter sur les modalités d'une synergie de leur action. Les résultats de ces outils sont ensuite pris en compte par les pays lors des procédures de planification et intégrés dans les Plans d'action nationaux pour la sécurité sanitaire afin d'accélérer la mise en oeuvre des capacités fondamentales décrites dans le RSI. Les auteurs décrivent l'intégration du concept Une seule santé dans chacune des composantes du Cadre d'évaluation du RSI.


Según lo dispuesto en el Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (RSI, 2005), documento jurídicamente vinculante suscrito por 196 Estados Partes, los países están obligados a dotarse de la capacidad necesaria para detectar, evaluar, notificar y afrontar con rapidez todo evento sanitario inusual que pueda revestir importancia internacional. Para ayudar a los países a dotarse de mejores capacidades, a seguir de cerca su evolución al respecto y a dar cumplimiento al RSI (2005), la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) elaboró el marco de seguimiento y evaluación del RSI, que consta de cuatro elementos complementarios: el informe anual que debe presentar cada Estado Parte; la evaluación externa conjunta; exámenes posteriores a las intervenciones; y ejercicios de simulación. Los dos primeros sirven para examinar las capacidades, y los dos segundos para ayudar a estudiar su funcionalidad. Para la aplicación del RSI (2005) es fundamental la contribución de diferentes disciplinas, sectores y ámbitos de trabajo, que aúnen esfuerzos actuando desde los postulados de Una sola salud. Por ello la OMS, en colaboración con la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) y otros asociados internacionales y nacionales, ha trabajado activamente para facilitar la integración de los sectores pertinentes, en particular el de la sanidad animal, en cada uno de los cuatro componentes del marco de seguimiento y evaluación del RSI. Hay otros dispositivos que vienen a complementar este marco, por ejemplo los talleres nacionales dedicados a la creación de nexos entre el RSI y el proceso PVS (Prestaciones de los Servicios Veterinarios) de la OIE, organizados conjuntamente por la OMS y la OIE, que facilitan un uso idóneo de los resultados del marco de seguimiento y evaluación del RSI y del proceso PVS y brindan a las partes interesadas de los servicios sanitarios y zoosanitarios la oportunidad de trabajar sobre la coordinación de sus respectivas actividades. Los resultados de estas diversas herramientas alimentan después los procesos de planificación de los países y son incorporados a su Plan de acción nacional de seguridad sanitaria para acelerar la implantación de las capacidades básicas prescritas en el RSI. Los autores explican cómo se incorpora la filosofía de Una sola salud a todos los componentes del marco de seguimiento y evaluación del RSI.


Assuntos
Regulamento Sanitário Internacional , Saúde Única , Animais , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Saúde Global , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Saúde Única/normas , Organização Mundial da Saúde
7.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 112(5): 288-295, 2019.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32880130

RESUMO

The epidemiology of leishmaniasis is related with habitat and behavior of the sand fly vector. Each species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) has a specific characteristic of their sites for the development of their immatures. Information on natural breeding sites of phlebotomine sand flies is limited, due to the difficulty of isolation of immature from the soil. This study, realized from May 2014 to September 2014, aimed to determine the effect of properties of soil on behavior and abundance of sand flies in breeding habitat in Aichoun locality. Sand flies were collected using sticky papers (21 × 27.3 cm) coated with castor oil in four stations. The total of traps in each trapping campaign is 32. Soil samples were collected each month and they were extracted and tested. The different chemical parameters have been studied: electrical conductivity, equivalent humidity, total of calcareous, organic matter, assimilable phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium, pH, organic carbon. Statistical analysis was performed by principal component analysis (PCA). The dominant leishmaniasis vectors in Aichoun are Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus perniciosus. A total of 1685 sand flies were collected belonging to five species in the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, namely Ph. sergenti (84.62%), Ph. perniciosus (8.54%), Phlebotomus papatasi (6.17%), Phlebotomus longicuspis (0.35%) and Sergentomyia minuta (0.29%). The chemical tests of potential breeding sites of sand flies, determined for sixteen samples, showed a correlation between the abundance of sand flies (especially the ecological requirements of larval development of the three species incriminated in transmission of the disease of cutaneous leishmaniasis) and the chemical parameters studied. The results found in this work, realized for the first time in Morocco, will be of great contribution to the control program of sand flies vectors at local and national level and as an indicator for the determination of leishmaniasis risk areas as well as to establish effective control strategies.


L'épidémiologie de la leishmaniose est liée à la nature de l'habitat et au comportement du phlébotome vecteur. Chaque espèce (Diptera: Psychodidae) possède des caractéristiques spécifiques de son gîte qui assure le développement des immatures. Compte tenu de la difficulté d'isolement des larves phlébotomiennes, la recherche d'informations sur leurs sites de reproduction est encore limitée. Cette étude, réalisée de mai à septembre 2014, recherchait l'effet des propriétés physicochimiques du sol sur le comportement et l'abondance des phlébotomes sur leurs sites de reproduction dans la localité d'Achoun. Les phlébotomes ont été collectés à l'aide de papiers adhésifs (21 × 27,3 cm) enduits d'huile de ricin dans quatre stations. Le nombre total de pièges dans chaque campagne de piégeage était de 32. Des échantillons de sol ont été collectés chaque mois, puis extraits et testés. Les différents paramètres chimiques ont été étudiés : conductivité électrique, humidité équivalente, calcaire total, matières organiques, phosphore assimilable, potassium échangeable, pH, carbone organique. L'analyse statistique a été réalisée par analyse des composantes principales. Les espèces dominantes pendant cette période étaient Phlebotomus sergenti et Phlebotomus perniciosus. Au total, 1 685 phlébotomes appartenant à cinq espèces des genres Phlebotomus et Sergentomyia ont été recueillis, à savoir Ph. sergenti (84,62 %), Ph. perniciosus (8,54 %), Phlebotomus papatasi (6,17 %), Phlebotomus longicuspis (0,35 %) et Sergentomyia minuta (0,29 %). Les analyses physicochimiques du sol des sites potentiels de reproduction des phlébotomes sur les 16 échantillons ont montré une corrélation entre l'abondance des phlébotomes et les paramètres physicochimiques étudiés. Les résultats obtenus dans ce travail, réalisé pour la première fois au Maroc, devraient représenter une grande contribution au programme de contrôle des phlébotomes vecteurs au niveau local et national et servir d'indicateurs pour déterminer les zones à risque de leishmaniose ainsi que pour mettre en place des stratégies efficaces de contrôle.

8.
Rev Neurol (Paris) ; 173(4): 201-210, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28392060

RESUMO

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is frequent in the elderly, and accounts for a wide spectrum of clinical and radiological manifestations. This report summarizes the most important findings obtained using diffusion MRI (DWI) in SVD. With DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, recent ischemic lesions can easily be detected after acute stroke in SVD, while even multiple simultaneous lesions may be observed. Microstructural changes are frequent in SVD, with increases in diffusivity and decreases in anisotropy being the most reliable findings observed, mainly in white matter. These tissue changes are associated with clinical severity and especially executive dysfunction. They can also precede the usual MRI markers of SVD, such as white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds and lacunes. Thus, DWI may reveal surrogate markers of SVD progression and offer a better understanding of their underlying mechanisms.


Assuntos
Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem
9.
Rev Sci Tech ; 36(2): 445-457, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30152472

RESUMO

Social instability occurs as a consequence of war, civil strife or natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and droughts. Animal diseases, including zoonoses, can be both a precursor to social instability and a result of social instability. Coping mechanisms, such as sound policies, trust in government, and robust infrastructure break down at times of civil instability. Such breakdowns often lead to a decline in both public health and the food and agricultural livestock base, thus creating a vicious cycle that involves inadequate nutrition, threatened livelihoods, and fewer opportunities for safe trade. This article is principally a discussion of a theoretical nature on the dynamics between animal diseases and social instability. Based on their experience of working for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the authors provide numerous examples of the connection between the two, mostly in countries that have fragile environments and are experiencing protracted crises. Disease has a direct and immediate effect on a community, but, in addition, if the community is not able to recover from the impact of a disease on their health and livelihoods, the consequences of an outbreak can persist even after the disease is no longer present. Stability, therefore, depends on a variety of factors, including the ability of a community to overcome the effects of a disease outbreak or other destabilising event. The FAO approach to helping families and communities to cope with the destabilizing effects of animal diseases is to build resilience, particularly amongst the most vulnerable households. This requires individuals and governments to gain a better understanding of what drives disease at the interface between human and animal health. In addition, it requires governments to invest in social protection programmes, establish a long-term risk reduction strategy that decreases vulnerability, and improve the sustainability of safe agricultural and marketing practices.


L'instabilité sociale est généralement une conséquence des conflits armés, des guerres civiles ou des catastrophes naturelles telles que tremblements de terre, inondations ou sécheresse. Les maladies animales, zoonoses incluses, sont des signes précurseurs de l'instabilité sociale, mais aussi son résultat. En période d'instabilité sociale, les mécanismes d'adaptation aux crises liés notamment à des politiques judicieuses, à la confiance dans l'action du gouvernement et à des infrastructures solides s'effondrent. Ces défaillances entraînent souvent un déclin à la fois de la santé publique et des ressources essentielles de l'agriculture et de l'élevage, créant ainsi un cercle vicieux caractérisé par une nutrition inadéquate, des moyens d'existence menacés et des possibilités raréfiées d'accéder à des marchés sûrs. L'essentiel de cet article est consacré à l'analyse théorique de la dynamique des liens entre les maladies animales et l'instabilité sociale. À partir de l'expérience acquise en travaillant pour l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), les auteurs donnent de nombreux exemples de ces liens, qui concernent pour la plupart des pays dont l'environnement est fragilisé ou qui sont exposés à des crises prolongées. Toute maladie a un effet direct et immédiat sur la communauté atteinte ; or, dans les situations où une communauté n'est pas en capacité de se relever après avoir subi cet impact ni d'assurer un retour à la situation antérieure en matière de santé et de moyens de subsistance, les conséquences d'un foyer persistent bien au-delà de la durée de la maladie. Par conséquent, la stabilité dépend de facteurs variés, dont l'aptitude d'une communauté à surmonter les effets d'un foyer ou d'autres événements déstabilisants. La méthode suivie par la FAO pour aider les familles et les communautés à faire face aux effets déstabilisants des maladies animales consiste à renforcer leur capacité de résilience, en particulier dans les foyers les plus vulnérables. Cela suppose que les individus et les gouvernements améliorent leur connaissance des facteurs propices à l'apparition des maladies à l'interface entre la santé humaine et animale. En outre, cela suppose que les gouvernements investissent dans des programmes de protection sociale, qu'ils mettent en place une stratégie de réduction des risques sur le long terme qui limite les vulnérabilités et qu'ils œuvrent pour une meilleure durabilité des pratiques agricoles et commerciales exemptes de risques.


La inestabilidad social es producto de guerras, disturbios civiles o catástrofes naturales como terremotos, inundaciones o sequías. Las enfermedades animales, comprendidas las zoonosis, pueden ser un precursor o un resultado de la inestabilidad social. En condiciones de inestabilidad civil se agrietan los mecanismos de un país para hacer frente a esas enfermedades (tales como políticas sólidas, confianza en los poderes públicos e infraestructuras robustas), lo que suele traducirse en un deterioro de la salud pública y de la cabaña ganadera en que reposan la alimentación y la agricultura, generándose así un círculo vicioso que trae consigo una nutrición deficiente, pone en peligro los medios de sustento y dificulta un comercio seguro. Los autores examinan básicamente los aspectos teóricos de la dinámica que conecta entre sí las enfermedades animales y la inestabilidad social. Recurriendo a su experiencia de trabajo para la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), ofrecen numerosos ejemplos de la relación existente entre ambos fenómenos, sobre todo en países que presentan un medio ambiente fragilizado y sufren crisis prolongadas. La enfermedad repercute directa e inmediatamente en la población, pero además, si esta no puede recuperarse de los efectos de una enfermedad sobre su estado sanitario y sus medios de vida, las consecuencias de un brote pueden dejarse sentir hasta mucho después de que la enfermedad haya desaparecido. La estabilidad depende por lo tanto de diversos factores, en particular la capacidad de las comunidades para superar los efectos de un brote infeccioso u otros episodios que las hayan desestabilizado. Desde la FAO se trata de ayudar a las familias y comunidades a lidiar con los efectos desestabilizadores de las enfermedades animales generando resiliencia, especialmente en las familias más vulnerables. Para ello es menester que tanto individuos como poderes públicos conozcan mejor los factores que hacen que una enfermedad se manifieste en la interfaz de la salud humana con la sanidad animal. Es preciso, además, que las administraciones inviertan en programas de protección social, instituyan una estrategia a largo plazo de reducción del riesgo, que redunde en una menor vulnerabilidad, e instauren procedimientos agrícolas y de comercialización más sostenibles.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Animais/economia , Doenças dos Animais/epidemiologia , Epidemias/veterinária , Condições Sociais , Animais , Saúde Global , Humanos
11.
Sci Rep ; 6: 20833, 2016 Feb 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26888634

RESUMO

The hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau is present in several neurodegenerative diseases, although the causal relationship remains elusive. Few mouse models used to study Alzheimer-like dementia target tau phosphorylation. We created an inducible pseudophosphorylated tau (Pathological Human Tau, PH-Tau) mouse model to study the effect of conformationally modified tau in vivo. Leaky expression resulted in two levels of PH-Tau: low basal level and higher upon induction (4% and 14% of the endogenous tau, respectively). Unexpectedly, low PH-Tau resulted in significant cognitive deficits, decrease in the number of synapses (seen by EM in the CA1 region), reduction of synaptic proteins, and localization to the nucleus. Induction of PH-Tau triggered neuronal death (60% in CA3), astrocytosis, and loss of the processes in CA1. These findings suggest, that phosphorylated tau is sufficient to induce neurodegeneration and that two different mechanisms can induce cognitive impairment depending on the levels of PH-Tau expression.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Região CA1 Hipocampal , Disfunção Cognitiva , Gliose , Neurônios/metabolismo , Sinapses/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/biossíntese , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Animais , Região CA1 Hipocampal/metabolismo , Região CA1 Hipocampal/patologia , Região CA1 Hipocampal/fisiopatologia , Morte Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Disfunção Cognitiva/genética , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Disfunção Cognitiva/patologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gliose/genética , Gliose/metabolismo , Gliose/patologia , Gliose/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Fosforilação , Sinapses/patologia , Proteínas tau/genética
16.
Open Vet J ; 4(2): 96-102, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26623347

RESUMO

A field trial was conducted in a camel brucellosis-free herd to evaluate antibody response to the Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccine in camels and assess shedding of the vaccine strain in milk. Twenty eight camels were divided into four groups according to their age and vaccination route. Groups A (n=3) and B (n=3) consisted of non-pregnant lactating female camels, vaccinated through subcutaneous and conjunctival routes, respectively. Groups C (n=10) consisted of 8-11 months old calves vaccinated through conjunctival route. The rest of the herd (n=12) composed of female and young camels were not vaccinated and were considered as the control group. Each animal from groups A, B and C was given the recommended dose of 2 × 10(9) colony forming units of Rev.1 vaccine irrespective of age or route of vaccination. Blood samples were collected from all the animals at the time of vaccination and at weekly, bi-weekly and monthly interval until 32 weeks post vaccination and from controls at weeks 8 and 24. The serological tests used were modified Rose Bengal Test, sero-agglutination test, and an indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Milk samples were collected from all vaccinated female camels and tested for the presence of Rev.1 vaccine strain. Most vaccinated animals started to show an antibody response at week 2 and remained positive until week 16. By week 20 post-vaccination all animals in the three groups were tested negative for Brucella antibodies. Bacteriological analysis of milk samples did not allow any isolation of Brucella melitensis. All samples were found Brucella negative in PCR analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Rev.1 vaccine induces seroconversion in camels. Rev.1 vaccine strain is not excreted in the milk of camels. These findings are promising as to the safe use of the Rev.1 vaccine in camels.

17.
Vet Rec ; 170(4): 100, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22121155

RESUMO

Cross-sectional serological surveys of 13,006 small ruminants were conducted in 2003 to establish baseline levels of seropositivity to brucellosis and of 12,102 again in 2009 to evaluate the efficacy of controls based on biannual conjunctival vaccination with Rev 1. Seroprevalence dropped by 80 per cent in five years in eight pilot programme districts where vaccination was generally well implemented, and the prevalence of households with evidence of infection in their animals dropped from 25.1 to 7.5 per cent. Seroprevalence was reduced by 40 per cent in 10 districts where vaccination was intermittent with low coverage during some seasons. There were no changes in 19 districts where no vaccinations were carried out. Sheep vaccinated one or more times were found to be 2.5 times more likely to be serotest positive than were non-vaccinated sheep, whereas vaccinated goats were 6.4 times more likely to be serotest positive than non-vaccinated goats.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Brucelose/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/veterinária , Animais , Brucella/imunologia , Brucelose/epidemiologia , Brucelose/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Cabras , Masculino , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Tadjiquistão/epidemiologia
19.
J Phys Chem B ; 115(31): 9646-52, 2011 Aug 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21766807

RESUMO

We report results of molecular dynamics simulations and detailed analysis of the local structure of sub- and supercritical ammonia in the range of temperature between 250 and 500 K along the 135 bar isobar. This analysis is based on the behavior of distributions of metric and topological properties of the Voronoi polyhedra (VP). We show that by increasing the temperature, the volume, surface, and face area distributions of the Voronoi polyhedra as well as the vacancy radius distribution broaden, particularly near the temperature T(α), where the calculated thermal expansion coefficient has its maximum. Furthermore, the rate of increase of the corresponding mean values and fluctuations increases drastically when approaching T(α). This behavior clearly indicates that the local structure, as described by the VP, becomes increasingly heterogeneous upon approaching this temperature. This heterogeneous distribution of ammonia molecules is traced back to the increase of the large voids with increasing temperature, and is also clearly seen in the behavior of the fluctuation of the local density, as measured by the VP. More interestingly, the maximum in the heterogeneity coincides with the maximum of the fluctuation in the density of the VP.

20.
J Fr Ophtalmol ; 34(10): 739.e1-3, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21680056

RESUMO

Ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis are mainly dry eye syndrome, scleritis, and keratitis. The occurrence of corneal ulceration in the course of this disease is a rare complication but can lead to ocular perforation. We report the case of a woman followed for rheumatoid arthritis who presented a bilateral sterile paracentral ulcer that responded well to medical treatment.


Assuntos
Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera da Córnea/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Úlcera da Córnea/complicações , Úlcera da Córnea/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertensão Ocular/complicações , Hipertensão Ocular/tratamento farmacológico
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