RESUMO
Immunoblot analysis of apple latent spherical cheravirus (ALSV)-infected leaves using a polyclonal antibody against the 21 C-terminal amino acids of a 53 K/42 K movement protein (MP) showed that a protein with an Mr of 42 kDa (42KP) is the dominant form found in vivo, which could indicate that the second AUG is used as an initiation codon of a ORF in RNA2. Co-expression of GFP with 42KP in tobacco epidermal cells showed that 42KP is able to facilitate cell-to-cell trafficking of GFP that is expressed in the same cells. The analysis of deletion mutants on each of MP, Vp24, Vp20, or Vp25 using an ALSV vector that stably expresses GFP indicated that an MP and three capsid proteins are all indispensable for the cell-to-cell movement of the virus. In ultrathin sections of infected leaves, a file of virus-like particles passing through the plasmodesmata connecting neighboring cells and tubular structures containing virus-like particles extending into the cytoplasm were observed. These results show that ALSV moves from cell to cell as virus particles.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Capsídeo/fisiologia , Malus/virologia , Vírus de Plantas/fisiologia , Vírus de RNA/fisiologia , Proteínas Virais/fisiologia , Western Blotting , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Genes Reporter , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Peso Molecular , Organelas/ultraestrutura , Organelas/virologia , Folhas de Planta/ultraestrutura , Folhas de Planta/virologia , Proteínas do Movimento Viral em Plantas , Deleção de Sequência , Proteínas Virais/análiseRESUMO
The cardiovascular effects of midazolam as induction agent in A.S.A. class 2 surgical patients (N = 6) were compared with a similar group of patients (N = 6) receiving flunitrazepam. An induction-sized dose of midazolam was 0.17 +/- 0.03 mg/kg and the dose of flunitrazepam was 0.036 +/- 0.0039 mg/kg. The induction-sized dose of midazolam produced a moderate cardiovascular depression, similar to flunitrazepam. Cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index and mean pulmonary pressure were decreased significantly after injection of midazolam and mean arterial pressure, cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index were decreased significantly after administration of flunitrazepam. Following the administration of midazolam, there were decreasing tendency of mean pulmonary pressure and pulmonary artery occluded pressure, and no change of central venous pressure, while increasing tendency of central venous pressure with flunitrazepam. Unlike flunitrazepam, midazolam may act capacitance vessels. However in this study, statistical significant differences between the hemodynamic effects of midazolam and those of flunitrazepam were not obtained.
