The toxicity of behenyl alcohol. I. Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity in rats and dogs.

The genotoxic potential of behenyl alcohol, a saturated long-chain (C22:0) fatty alcohol, was examined in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, the gene mutation, and chromosome aberrations assays in Chinese hamster V79 cells, and the micronucleus assay in NMRI mice. Behenyl alcohol did not increase the number of revertants per plate compared to controls in the S. typhimurium assay, with or without metabolic activation. No significant increases in the number of mutant colonies or in structural chromosome aberrations were observed in Chinese hamster V79 cells. In addition, behenyl alcohol did not increase the frequency of bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) micronuclei in mice in vivo. In two subchronic toxicity studies, CD rats and beagle dogs were administered behenyl alcohol by oral gavage for at least 26 weeks at doses of 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg behenyl alcohol/kg body weight/day for rats and 0, 20, 200, or 2000 mg behenyl alcohol/kg body weight/day for dogs. Adverse effects were not observed following gross and histopathological evaluations of dosed rats. Compound-related effects in dogs were limited to observations of pale feces, indicative of unabsorbed behenyl alcohol, at doses of 2000 mg/kg body weight/day. There were no histopathological changes observed in dogs dosed with behenyl alcohol. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for behenyl alcohol was 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for rats, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day for dogs, the highest doses used in these studies.

The toxicity of behenyl alcohol. II. Reproduction studies in rats and rabbits.

Behenyl alcohol is a saturated 22-carbon, long-chain aliphatic alcohol, which has potential for use in foods as an oil-structuring and -solidifying agent in fats. Previously completed studies with behenyl alcohol indicated an absence of mutagenic or genotoxic potential. In addition, subchronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs reported no adverse effects following gross and histopathological examinations. Compound-related effects were limited to the observation of pale feces in dogs treated with high doses of behenyl alcohol, and were attributable to unabsorbed behenyl alcohol. The reproductive effects of behenyl alcohol were investigated in a fertility and reproduction study, and an embryonic development study in rats and rabbits, respectively. No evidence of maternal or fetal toxicity was observed in either study. Behenyl alcohol demonstrated no effects on the fertility or reproduction of rats dosed up to 1000 mg/kg body weight. Similarly, behenyl alcohol had no reproductive effects on rabbits treated with doses up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. The observation of pale feces was the only compound-related effect reported, limited to rabbits treated with 2000 mg behenyl alcohol/kg body weight. Based on these findings, there is no evidence to suggest that behenyl alcohol is teratogenic or embryotoxic.

Diagnostico de VIH recomendaciones para el asesoramiento pre y post test / HIV diagnosis recommendations for pre and post test counseling

Es una publicación que pretender brindar herramientas conceptuales y practicas básicas sobre el proceso de asesoramientos a los equipos de salud del todo el país. Su objetivo es estimular la realización del diagnostico de VIH con asesoramiento sobre todo en el primer nivel de atención de la salud, teniendo en cuenta las particularidades locales y apelando a la creatividad de los equipos para su puesta en práctica. Es importante remarcar que si bien estas paginas refieren centralmente al diagnostico de VIH por involucrar algunos aspectos específicos y diferenciales respecto al resto de las infecciones de la transmisión sexual, se considera fundamental que el proceso de asesoramiento acompañe el diagnostico de todas las ITS. El documento está conformado por cinco capítulos. El primero presenta la importancia del asesoramiento en el contexto de los servicios de salud y la complementariedad con la estrategia de atención primaria de la salud. El capitulo dos enfatiza la relevancia y los beneficios del asesoramiento en el marco del proceso diagnostico del VIH. Los capítulos tres y cuatro desarrollan respectivamente los contenidos básicos del asesoramiento, objetivo principios contenidos y las etapas pre y post su realización. El ultimo capitulo recopila y sintetiza la información mínima sobre VIH y ETS necesaria para el desarrollo del asesoramiento