Regulation of TSC2 lysosome translocation and mitochondrial turnover by TSC2 acetylation status.

Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) activity decreases the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) lysine acetylation status, inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling and concomitantly, activating autophagy. This study analyzes the role of TSC2 acetylation levels in its translocation to the lysosome and the mitochondrial turnover in both mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) and in mouse insulinoma cells (MIN6) as a model of pancreatic ß cells. Resveratrol (RESV), an activator of SIRT1 activity, promotes TSC2 deacetylation and its translocation to the lysosome, inhibiting mTORC1 activity. An improvement in mitochondrial turnover was also observed in cells treated with RESV, associated with an increase in the fissioned mitochondria, positive autophagic and mitophagic fluxes and an enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis. This study proves that TSC2 in its deacetylated form is essential for regulating mTORC1 signalling and the maintenance of the mitochondrial quality control, which is involved in the homeostasis of pancreatic beta cells and prevents from several metabolic disorders such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Diseases.

Extracellular vesicles represent a group of structures with the capacity to communicate with different cells and organs. This complex network of interactions can regulate multiple physiological processes in the organism. Very importantly, these processes can be altered during the appearance of different diseases including cancer, metabolic diseases, etc. In addition, these extracellular vesicles can transport different cargoes, altering the initiation of the disease, driving the progression, or even accelerating the pathogenesis. Then, we have explored the implication of these structures in different alterations such as pancreatic cancer, and in different metabolic alterations such as diabetes and its complications and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Finally, we have explored in more detail the communication between the liver and the pancreas. In summary, extracellular vesicles represent a very efficient system for the communication among different tissues and permit an efficient system as biomarkers of the disease, as well as being involved in the extracellular-vesicle-mediated transport of molecules, serving as a potential therapy for different diseases.

El Premio Nobel de la Paz 2020 se concede al Programa Mundial de los Alimentos. Un pequeño reconocimiento de los que amamos la Nutrición y admiramos a los que luchan contra el hambre en el mundo / The 2020 Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to the World Food Programme. A small recognition of those of us who love Nutrition and admire those who fight against hunger in the world

Cada una de los 690 millones de personas que padecen inseguridad alimentaria en el mundo tiene derecho a vivir en paz y sin hambre. Este breve artículo es un pobre homenaje hacia el Programa Mundial de Alimentos (WFP) de las Naciones Unidas galardonado con el premio Nobel de la Paz. Se hace un reducido comentario sobre aspectos históricos y burocráticos del Nobel, y se comentan algunos antecedentes relacionados con el actual premio Nobel. El artículo discute la importancia decisiva de la organización WFP que lucha contra el hambre y la utilización de esta calamidad que asola a muchos millones de personas como arma política e incluso de guerra. Se hace una mención resumida de los proyectos en marcha de esta organización. En palabras de su director ejecutivo (sic) Sin paz, no podemos lograr nuestro objetivo global de hambre cero; y mientras haya hambre, nunca tendremos un mundo pacífico. Por ello este galardón tiene a nuestro entender gran importancia. El artículo revisa aspectos específicos sobre el Programa Mundial de Alimentos, su mediación para conseguir un sistema alimentario sostenible, la situación actual debida a la pandemia del COVID-19, el contraste entre paz y guerra en la producción de alimentos, y la existencia de alianzas en la ONU, la FAO y los galardonados con el Premio Nobel de la paz para asegurar que el hambre no sea utilizada como arma política y de guerra

Each one of the 690 million of people who suffer food insecurity in the world have the right to live in peace and free of hunger. This brief article is a humble tribute to The World Food Programme (WFP) of the Union Nations who was awarded with the Nobel Peace prize. A short comment is made on the historical and bureaucratical aspects of the Nobel, and some background related to the present winner of the Nobel peace prize. This article discusses the role of the WFP in the fight against hunger. At the same time the fact that something as horrible as hunger is used as a political weapon is highlighted. It also mentions a summary of the ongoing projects of this organization. In the words of the executive director of the WFP (sic): Without peace, we cannot achieve our global goal of zero hunger; and while there is hunger, we will never have a peaceful world. That is the reason why this Nobel prize has such a big meaning for us. The article reviews specific aspects of the World Food Program, its mediation to achieve a sustainable food system, the current situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the contrast between peace and war in food production, and the existence of alliances at the UNO, FAO and Nobel Peace Laureates to ensure hunger is not used as a political and war weapon