Dermolipoma conjuntival / Conjunctival dermolipoma

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Fístulas arteriovenosas durales medulares: las malformaciones vasculares más frecuentes de la médula espinal / Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: the most frequent vascular malformations of the spinal cord

Las fístulas arteriovenosas durales medulares se producen por una comunicación directa entre los sistemas arterial y venoso de la médula espinal, ocasionando hipertensión en el último con disfunción del drenaje medular. Se trata de una patología rara, con etiología desconocida y una clínica inespecífica que suele provocar retraso en el diagnóstico. A menudo los radiólogos son los primeros que orientan el cuadro hacia un diagnóstico adecuado. Mediante resonancia magnética (RM) o angiografía por RM se pueden ver hallazgos característicos, pudiendo incluso localizar el lugar de la fístula en un porcentaje elevado de los casos, aunque la patología debe confirmarse mediante angiografía medular. Existen dos modalidades de tratamiento: terapia endovascular y quirúrgica. El tratamiento endovascular ha mejorado en los últimos años y presenta las ventajas de un abordaje menos invasivo, por lo que suele elegirse como terapia primaria. En este artículo revisamos las principales características clínicas, el diagnóstico por la imagen y el tratamiento de esta patología

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are produced by direct communication between the arterial and venous systems of the spinal cord, causing hypertension in the latter with spinal cord dysfunction. It is a rare pathology with unknown etiology and non-specific clinical symptoms that usually results in a delayed diagnosis. Often radiologists are the first to guide the disease towards an adequate diagnosis. Characteristic findings can be seen through MR or MR angiography, and may even locate the fistula in a high percentage of cases, although the pathology must be confirmed by spinal angiography. There are two treatment modalities: endovascular and surgical therapy. Endovascular treatment has improved in recent years with the advantages of a less invasive approach and is therefore usually chosen as primary therapy. In this article we review the main clinical manifestations, imaging findings and treatment of this pathology

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: the most frequent vascular malformations of the spinal cord. / Fístulas arteriovenosas durales medulares: las malformaciones vasculares más frecuentes de la médula espinal.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are produced by direct communication between the arterial and venous systems of the spinal cord, causing hypertension in the latter with spinal cord dysfunction. It is a rare pathology with unknown etiology and non-specific clinical symptoms that usually results in a delayed diagnosis. Often radiologists are the first to guide the disease towards an adequate diagnosis. Characteristic findings can be seen through MR or MR angiography, and may even locate the fistula in a high percentage of cases, although the pathology must be confirmed by spinal angiography. There are two treatment modalities: endovascular and surgical therapy. Endovascular treatment has improved in recent years with the advantages of a less invasive approach and is therefore usually chosen as primary therapy. In this article we review the main clinical manifestations, imaging findings and treatment of this pathology.