Mutagenic fate of insecticide fenitrothion in the environment-mutagenicity increases both by anaerobic biodegradation and photodegradation.

In the present study, our objectives were (1) using the Ames assay, to evaluate the change in mutagenicity of a fenitrothion-containing solution during aerobic biodegradation, anaerobic biodegradation, and photodegradation, and (2) to identify possible mutagenic transformed products (TPs) that contributed substantially to any increase in mutagenicity. Mutagenicity of the fenitrothion-containing solution did not increase during aerobic biodegradation with any of the tested bacterial strains. In contrast, the mutagenicity increased for strain YG1029 during anaerobic biodegradation because of the generation of a strongly mutagenic TP, amino-fenitrothion. During photodegradation, mutagenicities increased slightly for YG1021 and YG1024, possibly owing to the production of a previously unreported mutagenic TP.

[Efficacy of chemotherapy for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary].

In line with various protocols for chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma, we used EP (etoposide-cisplatin or carboplatin) therapy in 10 patients with clear cell adenocarcinoma as the first line chemotherapy. Four of these cases were in advanced stage at IIIc, and had residual tumor after the operation. One of these patients with measurable tumor responded to semi-high dose treatment, and 5-days of continuous infusion of etoposide resulted in CR. Three cases of a patient at the stages of Ic and IIc are in disease free status after two years of standard-dose EP therapy. Therefore, high-dose EP therapy might be an effective chemotherapy for some patients with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma.

[Two cases of adenosquamous cell carcinoma of advanced cervical cancer treated by carboplatin-based chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell autotransplant].

In two cases with adenosquamous cell carcinoma of advanced cervical cancer, carboplatin-based chemotherapy was given intraarterially from the internal iliac artery as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) were harvested. After the operation, conventional intravenous chemotherapy with PBSC autotransplant was performed. PBSCs were mobilized by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and G-CSF administration. By the apheresis procedures, 0.7-2.6 x 10(6)/kg CD34 positive cells were obtained. They had no severe side effects from intravenous chemotherapy with PBSCT, and they were free of disease 20 months. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and G-CSF administration may be capable of mobilization of PBSCs, and chemotherapy with PBSCT may be useful in radioresistant advanced adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervical cancer.

[Clinical effect of intra-arterial carboplatin-combined chemotherapy for advanced uterine cervical cancer and increased tissue platinum levels with Lipo PGE1 administration before chemotherapy].

Combination chemotherapy including carboplatin was administered intraarterially from the internal iliac artery as neoadjuvant chemotherapy to nine patients with advanced uterine cervical cancer. Two or three courses were repeated at intervals of 3 weeks. And to investigate whether the administration of Lipo PGE1 with the action of vasodilation before intra-arterial chemotherapy increases tissue levels of anticancer agents, 7 out of 9 patients were treated with Lipo PGE1, followed by arterial infusion chemotherapy. After infusion, tissue platinum (Pt) concentrations were measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Three of 9 patients with measurable tumor had a complete response and 6 had a partial response. Tissue Pt concentrations reached maximum levels 2-6 hours after intra-arterial chemotherapy. Tissue Pt levels of the patients with pretreatment of Lipo PGE1 were significantly higher than those without pretreatment (p < 0.01). It seems likely that Lipo PGE1 administration before intra-arterial chemotherapy is useful for the enhancement of tissue levels of anticancer agents as well as the clinical effects.