Mental Health-Related Barriers and Facilitators to PhD Program Retention among Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Minoritized (UREM) Nursing Students: A Qualitative Inquiry.

Mental health concerns among doctorate (PhD) nursing students may impact program retention, especially among underrepresented racial-/ethnic-minoritized (UREM) students. Understanding mental health concerns among UREM PhD students is necessary to develop retention strategies. We conducted a qualitative secondary data analysis of a descriptive study with focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews. Participants identified as actively enrolled UREM in PhD nursing programs. Conventional content analysis was utilized. Mental health informed retention through the following themes: PhD program pressure and expectations, help-seeking barriers, personal motivations to succeed, and it takes a village: fostering peer support. Implications for nursing faculty are discussed.

Barriers and facilitators to recruitment and retention of underrepresented racial and ethnic minoritized students to PhD programs in nursing: A qualitative descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: There is a global shortage of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)-trained nurses, which is amplified among underrepresented racial and ethnic groups who are minoritized. PURPOSE: This study explores barriers and facilitators to recruiting under-represented racial-ethnic group who are minoritized (UREM) PhD nursing students, defined as African American, Black, American Indian, Alaskan Native, or Hispanic/Latinx. METHODS: Using a qualitative descriptive design, interviews of 23 UREM PhD nursing students were analyzed with conventional content analysis. DISCUSSION: Barriers to recruitment and retention included identifying students interested in a PhD, organizational culture of programs, student mental health, and lack of social support. Facilitators for recruitment and retention included less discrimination and microaggressions experienced by students, faculty from groups who are minoritized representation, and strong family support. These findings had implications for recruitment and retention and PhD programs in nursing can focus on the above key areas to better recuit and retain UREM students. CONCLUSION: Allocating funding to culturally tailored mental health resources, student scholarships, and increasing UREM members of faculty within PhD programs.

Psychosocial experiences of cancer survivors and their caregivers in sub-Saharan Africa: A synthesis of qualitative studies.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize and examine current literature on survivorship experiences and psychosocial oncologic care programs of individuals affected by cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS: This was a systematic review guided by the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched 6 databases for articles published from inception to 21 October 2021. Articles were appraised using the Johanna Briggs Institute's Checklist for Qualitative Research. For data synthesis, we used the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life framework [WHOQOL] to organize experiences into 6 domains/themes. RESULTS: Twenty-five qualitative studies were included in the synthesis. Studies focused on psychosocial care of adults (>18 years) affected by cancer in SSA. The common WHOQOL domains were social relations, spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, and psychological. CONCLUSION: Findings echo need for individuals with cancer and their caregivers. Healthcare professionals are an essential resource for information and support services that can be tailored to individuals need. This synthesis highlighted caregiver stress and stressors from the community that could impact care of individuals with cancer. A holistic approach is needed that incorporates professional and social aspects of care.

Outpatient nurse staffing relationship with organizational, nurse and patient outcomes: A scoping review.

Background: Nurses are an integral part of outpatient healthcare settings and are needed to provide effective patient care. Ample research and reviews have been done on nurse staffing in inpatient settings relationship with a variety of organizational, nurse and patient outcomes, however there is no review of outpatient nurse staffing relationship with organizational, nurse and patient outcomes. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to present a scoping review that evaluates the state of the literature on relationships among nurse staffing and organizational, nurse and patient outcomes in the outpatient setting. Methods: The review used PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. The search focused on nurse staffing and organizational outcome in outpatient settings and synonyms for those terms. PubMed, Ebscohost CINAHL, and Ebscohost Global Health were searched. Articles were included if they measured nurse staffing relationship with any organizational, nurse and patient outcome in an outpatient setting. Extraction was completed in a matrix first then charted into synthesis tables. Results: Thirty-seven studies were included in the review. Nurse staffing was measured in the literature by perceived staffing adequacy, types of healthcare workers staffed, full-time equivalents, nurse vacancies, proportion of nurses to total staff, agency or float nurse use, presence of nurse on the healthcare team and nurse to patient ratios. Nurse staffing of a variety of measures was associated with better patient outcomes, lower costs, and lower nurse turnover. Only one study of the 37 included did not show a positive outcome of better nurse staffing, which showed that increased nurse staffing was associated with less patient engagement in psychotherapy. Conclusions: Outpatient care setting stakeholders and policy makers should consider improving nurse staffing, as stronger nurse staffing is associated with better patient outcomes lower costs and less nurse turnover. In addition, better staffing helps improve nurses' attitudes towards their job and increase job satisfaction. Most of the studies included in this review only focused on the staffing measure of perceived staffing adequacy. While perceived staffing adequacy is a useful measure of nurse staffing able to capture nurses' perception, it should not be used in isolation and more researchers should focus on gaps in outpatient nurse staffing with more objective measures such as fulltime equivalents. Tweetable abstract: A 37 article scoping review on nurse staffing in outpatient care found that stronger staffing was linked with better patient outcomes, lower costs, and less turnover.

E-Hookah Versus E-Cigarettes: Findings From Wave 2 of the PATH Study (2014-2015).

INTRODUCTION: ENDS are evolving quickly with increasing use in the U.S. More recently, e-hookahs have been introduced as healthier alternatives to the traditional hookah-flavored tobacco smoking. To date, virtually all studies of ENDS have focused on e-cigarettes; consequently, little is known about e-hookah use. METHODS: Data were drawn from the 2014-2015 Wave 2 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥18 years (n=28,362) and youth aged 12-17 years (n=12,172). Weighted analyses, conducted in 2018-2019, estimated the prevalence of e-hookah versus e-cigarette and examined comparisons among users and sociodemographics, patterns of use, and co-use of tobacco products and substances. RESULTS: Overall, 4.6% of adults reported ever e-hookah use; of these, more than a quarter (26.8%) reported current use. For e-cigarettes, 22.5% reported ever use with 24.8% reporting current use. Among youth, 7.7% reported ever e-hookah use versus 14.3% for e-cigarette use. Comparing e-hookah versus e-cigarette only users, the majority were young adults aged 18-24 years versus ≥25 years (60.5% vs 17.3%, p<0.0001) with the majority being female (58.8% vs 46.0%, p<0.0001). Although alcohol and marijuana were the most common substances used among e-hookah and e-cigarette users, both adult and youth e-hookah only users had a higher prevalence of use than e-cigarette only users. CONCLUSIONS: Although e-hookahs are used less commonly than e-cigarettes, e-hookah use is not rare. Compared with e-cigarette users, e-hookah users have a different profile in terms of user demographics and co-use of substances. Given the rapid uptake of ENDS by young adults, these findings suggest the need to understand e-hookah products' distinct characteristics and users' smoking patterns and behaviors to help inform tobacco regulation specific to hookah.