Pure large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder, is surgical relentlessness beneficial? A case report and literature review.

Pure large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder is a rare disease. However, the prognosis of this aggressive tumor is poor with short survival after diagnosis. We are describing in this manuscript a case of pure large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in which survival exceeded 26 months, after performing two curative surgeries. We are reporting the case of a 68-year-old woman with a history of recovered right breast carcinoma and operated 6 years later for a completely asymptomatic gallbladder tumor of 31 mm. In this case, curative surgery was performed allowing monobloc resection of the gallbladder and the hepatic segments IVb and V, a lymph node dissection was performed to. The histological examination of the specimen and immunohistochemistry confirms that the tumor was a grade 3 pure large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder with lymph node invasion, the hepatic and biliary surgical margins were free. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was administered and the evolution was eventless until the discovery at 20 months of a lymph node considered being metastatic recurrence. A second surgery was performed allowing removal of three lymph nodes. This time, a different protocol of chemotherapy was administered to our patient who remains alive and without recurrence at 26 months from her first surgery. Surgical relentlessness with free margins resections associated with appropriate chemotherapy probably improves the survival of patients suffering from this rare and aggressive tumor.

Factors influencing the occurrence of biliary stricture above the confluence in major bile ducts injuries: Analysis of a case series.

BACKGROUND: bile duct injury is a complication that occurs mainly after cholecystectomy. Outcomes of biliary repair surgery are worse when the stricture level is above the biliary confluence. METHOD: A single centred retrospective study was carried out on patients operated in our department for biliary stricture after a major bile duct injury over the period from January 2010 to May 2018. Only patients operated for biliary stricture were included. This study aimed to determine the independent factors influencing the occurrence of a stricture above de biliary confluence. Univariate and multivariate binary regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were included, they were 43 women and 10 men, sex-ratio was 0.23. Thirty-one patients had Grade E3-E4-E5 stricture (58,5%), and patients who had a failure of a previous repair surgery accounted for 36% (n = 19) of our patients.After univariate and multivariate analysis, only laparoscopic cholecystectomy (OR = 7.58, CI = [1.47-38, 91], P = 0.015) and failure of anterior biliary repair surgery (OR = 7, 12, CI = [1.29-39.42], P = 0.025) were independent factors associated with more frequent occurrence of biliary strictures above the confluence. CONCLUSION: Failure of biliary repair surgery makes the pre-existing biliary stricture progress and compromises subsequent surgery's outcomes. It is important to refer all cases of bile duct injury to specialized centers to increase the chances of success of the first biliary repair surgery.

Laparoscopic management of a drain site evisceration of the vermiform appendix, a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Peritoneal cavity drainage is not riskless and several publications reported drain induced complications. However, till this day, abdominal drainage is still a subject of divergence between necessity and usual operative practice. We describe in this publication an exceptional complication of drainage, which is the drain site evisceration of the appendix. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 47-years-old patient, initially operated for perforated ulcer peritonitis, in whom an evisceration occured 48h after the removal of an intraperitoneal drain placed in the Douglas pouch, the physical examination predicated the presence of a herniated omentum fringe, as a precaution a laparoscopic exploration was performed and revealed that the eviscerated organ was the vermiform appendix, then a two trocars appendectomy was performed and the orifice of the evisceration was safely closed. DISCUSSION: Since the first description in 1995, only seven cases were reported in the literature, we propose a new management of the drain site evisceration of the appendix, including laparoscopic exploration, and both side control of the drain site defect closure, our technique seems safer. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic approaches must have a place in the management of the drain site eviscerations.