[Therapeutic exercise in combined treatment of patients with laryngo- and tracheostenosis].

It is shown that staged individual special respiratory exercises targeted at nervous-muscular apparatus of the pharynx and trachea improve external respiration function, activate blood flow and venous-lymphatic outflow in the neck area with stimulation of reparative processes in combined postoperative treatment of patients with cicatricial stenoses of the pharynx and trachea.

[Effect of innervation and hormones on enzyme activation and synthesis]. / Vliianie innervatsii i gormonov na aktivnost' i sintez fermentov.

Data from the literature and own ones indicate the key role of the nervous system in regulation of the activity and synthesis of the enzymes of energy metabolism in skeletal muscles. Hepatic cells are highly sensitive both to regulation of their metabolism by the vegetative, especially sympathetic nervous system, and hormonal regulation. The enzymic activity and metabolism in the kidneys are controlled mainly by hormones and are not subjected or poorly monitored by the nervous system. Hormonal regulation of the enzymic activity in the bone marrow is presumably rather poor, whereas the question of nervous regulation of its metabolism remains nuclear.

[Effect of Ca2+ ions on the pyruvate kinase isoenzymes from rabbit kidney cortex]. / Vliianie ionov Ca2+ na izofermenty piruvatkinazy iz kory pochek krolikov.

Ca2 ions showed the various effect on isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase from rabbit kidney cortex. Ca2 activated the "L" type of pyruvate kinase at low concentrations of PEP and inhibited -- at high concentrations of the latter. "M2" type of pyruvate kinase was inhibited by Ca2 under all the conditions studied. In presence of Ca2+ the activating effect of PDP on "L" and "M2" types of pyruvate kinase was absent; the inhibitory action of ATP on the "M" type of pyruvate kinase was increased at all the concentrations above 1.3 mM. The effect of Ca2+ on the pyruvate kinase isoenzymes depended on content of Mg2+ in the medium.

[Effect of insulin and insulin deficiency on the activity of hexokinase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme composition in the smooth muscle of the rabbit stomach]. / Vliianie insulina i insulinovoi nedostatochnosti na aktivnost' geksokinazy, malate degidrogenazy, laktatdegidrogenazy i ee izofermentnyi sostav v gladkikh myshtsakh zheludka krolika.

Decrease in the activity of hexokinase was found in soluble fraction of stomach smooth muscles of rabbits with alloxane diabetes. Administration of insulin into intact rabbits led to distinct decrease in the activity of lactate and malate dehydrogenases in cells of the stomach fundal part. In smooth muscles of rabbits with alloxane diabetes pyruvate was formed from lactate at a higher rate (increase in content of LDH1 and LDH2) and after administration of insulin into the animals--lactate was formed from pyruvate at an increased rate.

[Effect of insulin and steroid hormones on the conformation and activity of enzyme proteins]. / Vliianie insulina i steroidnykh gormonov na konformatsiiu i aktivnost' fermentnykh belkov

An immediate effect of hormones (insulin, oxytocin, glucocorticoids and sex hormones) on the conformation and activity of enzymatically active proteins (hexokinase, glutamate dehydrogenase) was studied. Hormone-enzyme complex of insulin-hexokinase was shown to be formed. This process was accompanied by dissociation of the enzyme into two dimers without a loss of the catalytic activity but with disappearance of the property to be inhibited by glucocorticoids. The effect of insulin on the hexokinase activity was postulated to occur due to reaction of thiol-disulphide exchange between disulphide group of insulin and free sulfhydryl group of hexokinase. The inhibitory effect of sex hormones on the glutamate dehydrogenase activity was shown to be determined by their association with the enzymatically active protein. This phenomenon did not occur under conditions of stabilization of the quaternary structure of the enzyme. If the guanidine groups of glutamate dehydrogenase were blocked the inhibitory effect of sex hormones was found to decrease. These data demonstrate the importance of the guanidine groups in binding of sex hormones.

[Activity of valyl-tRNA-synthetase and alanyl-tRNA-synthetase in intact and denervated rabbit muscles]. / Aktivnost' valil-tRNK-sintetazy i alanil-tRNK-sintetazy v intaktnykh i denervirovannykh myshtsakh krolika

The rate of acylation of non-fractionated tRNA from baker yeast and beef liver with valine-I-C14 and alanine-I-C14 had been measured. The yeast tRNA was found to be the active acceptor of valine while the beef tRNA intensively accepted alanine. The specific activities of valyl- and alanyl-tRNA synthetases from intact m. soleus (red) when measured with yeast tRNA were 4.3 and 3.3 times higher than the activities of the respective enzymes from intact m. gastrocnemius (mixed). 30 days after sciatic nerve section the activities of both aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in denervated red and mixed muscles had become nearly equal. Equalization of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific activities in the denervated muscles occured as a result of the changes in the catalytic properties and, possibly, in the intracellular concentration of the enzymes.

[Antagonism in the action of hydrocortisone and insulin in vivo on enzymes of pyruvate and malate metabolism in adipose tissue]. / Ob antagonizme deistviia gidrokortizona i insulina in vivo na fermenty obmena piruvata i malata zhirovoi tkani

Alloxan diabetes and injections of hydrocortisone into intact animals for 5-7 days resulted in a sharp decrease of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Combined injection of insulin and hydrocortisone did not produce the decrease of the enzyme activity. Insulin injections into alloxan diabetic rats recovered the activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase up to the control. Pyruvate kinase activity was decreased under diabetes, and insulin injections produced further decrease of the enzyme activity in diabetic rats. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase were less decreased under diabetes. Comparison of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes spectrum in adipose tissue of normal and diabetic rats revealed a considerable increase of LDH-1 and a decrease of LDH-4 under diabetes. Insulin injections greatly normalized LDH isoenzyme spectrum.

[Different forms of pyruvate kinase from the rabbit adrenal cortex]. / Razlichnye formy piruvatkinazy iz kory pochki krolika

Pyruvatekinase (PK) isoenzymes were isolated by means of (NH4)2SO4 fractionation (20-45% and 50-70% of saturation) and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Two peaks of PK activity (I and II) were discovered under chromatography of 20-45% saturation precipitate, and one peak (I-A)-under chromatography of 50-70% saturation precipitate. PK-II in its properties (two-peaks kinetics for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the resistance to effectors) is like L-type PK, which has lost its allosteric properties in the process of long-term isolation at low temperatures. PK-I and PK-I-A have S-form kinetics for PEP. They are inhibited by L-alanine and phenylalanine, and they probably are variants of the initial K(M2) type.

[Pyruvate kinase isoenzymes in the kidneys of rabbits with insular insufficiency]. / Izofermenty piruvatkinazy v pochkakh krolikov pri insuliarnoi nedostatochnosti

Two isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase--PK-1 and PK-2 were obtained from the cortical layer of rabbit kidney by the method of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Starvation of rabbits for 10--16 days and alloxan diabetes produced no significant changes in the specific activity of PK in the soluble fraction obtained from the cortical layer of rabbit kidney. However, there were significant shifts in the isoenzymatic spectrum of the PK of the kidneys in rabbits with alloxan diabetes: the activity of the PK-1 increased considerably and significantly, and the isoenzyme PK-2 disappeared almost completely.