[Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis among the adolescent population at the stage of primary health care].

A retrospective look was made on the estimation of the diagnostic value of preclinical and clinical methods for verification of pulmonary tuberculosis. Among 170 examinees, 65.5% were self-directed, 24.7% diagnosed by fluorography and 8.8% by tuberculin skin testing in account with clinical signs, forms of tuberculosis, bacteriological results and peculiarities of tuberculin sensitivity. The findings show the poor result of timely diagnosis of tuberculosis by the use of prophylactic examination of teenagers by fluorography and tuberculin skin testing.

[Effect of elicitors on accumulation of protease inhibitors in injured potato tubers]. / Vliinie élisitorov na nakoplenie ingibitorov proteinaz v poranennykh klubniakh kartofelia.

The time course of accumulation and the composition of proteinase-inhibiting proteins in diffusates from potato tubers treated with elicitors such as salicylic, jasmonic, and arachidonic acids were studied. The 40-kDa reserve protein patatin and the chymotrypsin inhibitors, among which proteins of 24.6, 22.0, and 16.0 kDa were prevalent, accumulated in diffusates from potato tubers. Jasmonic and arachidonic acids activated the accumulation of the chymotrypsin inhibitors in tubers in response to the injury stress, whereas salicylic acid inhibited this process. The effects of jasmonic and arachidonic acids increased when their concentrations decreased to 10(-6) M. The data suggest an important role of the lipoxygenase metabolism in signal transduction of the anti-injury defense system in the dormant potato tubers.

[Immunosuppressors in pathogenesis of potato-pathogen blight]. / Immunosupressory v patosisteme kartofel'-vozbuditel' fitoftoroza.

The properties and effects of two plant resistance suppressors (1,3-beta-1,6-beta-glucan and a pentasaccharide of xyloglucan origin) involved in the pathosystem of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and the causal agent of blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary) were compared. The microbial 1,3-beta-1,6-beta-glucan suppressed the defense response over a narrow concentration range (10(-2) M), whereas the plant pentasaccharide had a broad range of effective concentrations (10(-12) to 10(-6) M). In the pathosystem of potato-causal agent of late blight, the beta-glucan caused a local and race-specific suppressor effect on the plant host defense response. In contrast, the pentasaccharide caused both local and systemic suppression of potato resistance, and the presence of terminal fucosyl residue in the xyloglucan oligosaccharine played a decisive role in its effect. The recognition of both suppressors by potato cell membrane sites is discussed.

[Effect of arachidonic acid on potato tubers during storage]. / Vozdeistvie arakhidonovoi kisloty na klubni kartofelia v period khraneniia.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers were treated with various concentrations (10(-9) to 10(-4) M) of the biogenic elicitor arachidonic acid during the period of storage (from October to July). The data showed that the resistance-inducing concentration of arachidonic acid was 10(-6) M in autumn and 10(-9) M in spring. Possible causes of the change in the immunizing concentration of arachidonic acid during storage of potato tubers are discussed.

[Modulation of plant resistance to diseases by water-soluble chitosan]. / Modulirovaniebolezneustoichivosti rastenii s pomoshch'iu vodorastvorimogo khitozana.

Low-molecular-weight water-soluble chitosan with a molecular weight of 5 kDa obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of native crab chitosan was shown to display an elicitor activity by inducing the local and systemic resistance of Solanumi tuberosum potato and Lycopesicon esculentum tomato to Phytophthora infestans and nematodes, respectively. Chitosan induced the accumulation of phytoalexins in tissues of host plants, decreased the total content and changed the composition of free sterols producing adverse effects on infesters, activated chitinases, beta-glucanases, and lipoxygenases, and stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species. The activation of protective mechanisms in plant tissues inhibited the growth of taxonomically different pathogens (parasitic fungus Phytophthora infestans and root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita).

[Effect of methyljasmononate on induction of late-blight resistance of potatoes using arachidonic acid]. / Vliianie metilzhsomonata na indutsirovanie fitoftoroustoichivosti kartofelia s pomoshch'iu arakhidonovoi kisloty.

Methyl ester of jasmonic acid (Me-JA) influences the induced resistance of potato tubers to late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. Treatment of potato tuber disk surface with Me-JA solution or exposure to an atmosphere containing Me-JA vapors (10(-6)-10(-5) M) increased the rate of rishitin biosynthesis induced by arachidonic acid or P. infestans. Methyl jasmonate increased the sensitivity of potato tissue to arachidonic acid. As a result, in the presence of Me-JA, the protective properties of arachidonic acid were observed at lower concentrations than in the absence of Me-JA. In addition, Me-JA reduced the adverse effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors (salicylhydroxamic acid and esculetin) on the induced resistance of potato tubers to late blight. Therefore, the synergistic interaction of Me-JA and biogenic elicitors can be regarded as part of a mechanism of potato defense against diseases.