[Cytogenetic aberrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in acute Lyme-borreliosis patients].

It is known that among biological mutagenic factors the cytogenetic aberrations can be induced by not only intracellular parasites like viruses, but also some extracellular infectious agents including bacteria, protozoas and helminthes. The object of this work was to study the cytogenetic status of acute Lyme borreliosis patients. It was found that the acute Lyme borreliosis patients as compared with the control group showed significantly higher frequencies of lymphocytes with chromosome instability in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Chromosome instability included the aneugenic type like polyploidy, hypoploidy or endoreduplication as well as the clastogenic type like chromatid and chromosomal breaks. In addition, high chromosome abnormality frequencies in the patients' cultures were associated with an increase in elimination of the abnormal cells by apoptosis.

[Effects of oil-refining microbes (genus Acinetobacter) on cytogenetical structures of human lymphocytes in cell cultures].

The objective of this study was to assess ability of oil-refining bacteria Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and A. valentis to induce karyopathological abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte cultures. It was found that the cultures infected with A. calcoaceticus showed significantly high frequencies of cytogenetical effects and chromosomal aberrant cells as compared to the intact cultures and cultures infected with A. valentis. The most of chromosomal aberrations, mainly chromatid aberrations, were located in 1 and 2 chromosomes. Moreover, the aberrations were detected in some specific chromosome areas. Abnormalities of mitotic cell division and nucleus morphology were determined in lymphocyte cultures infected with A. calcoaceticus. There were found significantly high frequencies of cells with micronuclei, nucleus protrusions, anaphase or metaphase chromosome and chromosomal fragments lagging as well as multipolar and C-mitoses. Thus, the oil-refining bacteria A. calcoaceticus in contrast to A. valentis demonstrated strong genotoxic effects in human lymphocyte cultures in vitro.

[The role of mutation of gene cyp1A1 and benzapilene in cytogenetic changes of urinary tract epitheliocytes in oil industry workers employed in the oil fields of the North of West Siberia].

The examination of 477 oil industry workers and office personnel (control) employed in the oil fields of the North of Tomsk and Tyumen regions has detected increased number of epithelyocytes with micronuclei and an elevated urine level ofbenzapilene in workers employed in oil production. Especially pronounced changes of the above parameters were observed in men with mutant alleles Val of CYP1A1 gene. An enhanced mutation process in oil production workers may be due to a resultant action of different factors on human genome. Involved may be both mutagens and factors of comutagenic nature. The results obtained in this study suggest a conclusion about urgent need of introduction of new scientifically validated criteria of selection of personnel for oil production in the North of the West Siberia. Health examination of the applicants must include genotyping.

[Proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes in relation to the rate of infestation in patients with opisthorchiasis].

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the proliferative function of mononuclear cells after stimulation with antigens or mitogens in patients with varying rates of chronic mixed infestation with Opisthorchis and Metorchis. The proliferative response of mononuclear cells to specific parasitic antigens in patients with opisthorchiasis of high infestation rates was ascertained to be considerably suppressed as compared with that of these cells in patients with low infestation rates. In addition, severe mixed infestation was attended by a suppressed lymphoproliferative response not only to specific helminth antigens, but also to nonspecific mitogen and mycobacterial antigen.

[Cytokine production in relation to the rate of infestation in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis].

The aim of the investigation was to study the specific features of in vitro cytokine production in response to specific parasitic antigens, mycobacterial antigen, and nonspecific mitogens in patients with chronic opithorchiasis who had varying infestation rates. There was a considerable increase in the mononuclear cell production of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 after specific Opisthorhis antigen stimulation with purified tuberculin derivate or the mitogen conconavalin A in opisthorchiasis patients having varying infestation rates as compared with appropriate parameters in healthy individuals. The production of these cytokines in opisthorchiasis patients with a high infestation rate (Group 2) was significantly higher than that in those with a low infestation rate (Group 1). The mononuclear cell production of interferon-y in the culture stimulated by specific Opisthorhis antigens, tuberculin, or phytohemagglutinin in opisthorchiasis patients with a high infestation rate (Group 2) was not only much lower than that in the control group, but also as compared with the appropriate parameters in Group 1 patients. Thus, the mononuclear cell-stimulated production of cytokines in vitro in patients correlates with the rate of infestation. The highest mononuclear cell production of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 and the highest suppression of interferon-gamma secretion are characteristic of the patients who have high infestation rates, suggesting the predominance of the type 2 response ofT helper cells.

[Increased accumulation of some trace elements in peripheral blood and bile of patients infested with Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890)].

The invasion with Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) is known to be common in the Ob River region, West Siberia. These trematodes parasitize biliary tract of devinitive host (man or some species of animals). Other opisthorchiid species occurring in West Siberia, Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890), has also been recorded recently as human parasite. Life cycles of both these trematodes include fish-eating mammal hosts. Eggs of O. felineus and M. bilis are very similar morphologically and can hardly be indentified. Chronic invasion with the helminthes is found to be a cause of disbolism of trace elements or high accumulation of some essential and toxic elements in the organism of definitive host. The aim of the present study was to determine concentrations of some essential and toxic elements in samples of peripheral blood and bile obtained from patients infested with Opisthorchis and/or Metorchis using instrumental neuron-activation technique. At first, all patients with microscopically confirmed opisthorchiasis (by microscopic examination of faeces and bile for the helminth eggs) were examined with serological method (ELISA) for specific anti-Opisthorchis and anti-Metorchis antibodies. Among 139 examined patients, 56.1% had specific antibodies against both Opisthorchis and Metorchis, 41.7% showed anti-Opisthorchis antibodies only, and 2.1% turn out to be seropositive for anti-Metorchis antibodies only. Of 31 elements detected in the samples of peripheral blood and bile, the concentration of nine essential and toxic elements (mercury, chromium, cesium, rubidium, lanthanum, bromine, selenium, zinc, and cobalt) in the patients with the mixt-infection of Opisthorchis and Metorchis (78 individuals) and with the Opisthorchis mono-infection (58 individuals) were significantly higher than those in healthy uninfested individuals. Among these elements, mercury and chromium showed the highest concentrations in infested patients. We suggest that the significant increase in concentrations of some toxic elements in blood and bile of patients may be associated with increased bioaccumulation of these elements in environment, especially in the local river water and fish. Moreover, concentrations of such elements as chromium, mercury, cesium, lanthanum, selenium, and zinc in blood and/or bile of the patients with mixt-infection of Opisthorchis and Metorchis were significantly higher than those in the patients with mono-infection of Opisthorchis. Accumulation of these elements in the organisms of patients was positively correlated with the number of parasites and the duration of helminth infection.

[Nitric monoxide and other indicators of free radical processes and antioxidant system in patients with mixed or monoinvasion of Opisthorhis and Metorchis].

As compared with healthy individuals, patients with mixed Opisthorhis and Metorchis invasion and/or Opisthorhis monoinvasion were found to have a considerable increase in the serum levels of nitric monoxide and malondialdehyde with the concurrent suppression of catalase activity and lipid antioxidant activity, which correlated with the blood accumulation of some toxic trace elements. The highest accumulation levels of toxic trace elements, as well as the indicators of free radical processes were detected in patients with the mixed invasion as compared with the Opisthorhis monoinvasion group, which appears to be directly related to the intensity of invasion.

[Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) infections in population of some regions of the Ob River Basin].

The incidence of Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) infections among people living in several regions of the Ob River basin in the West Siberia has been assesed in this work. Our results suggest that Metorchis bilis infection was common in many of the serologically tested people. Moreover, this helminth was obtained from the biliary ducts of humans in autopsy.

[Accumulation of some toxic microelements in liver tissue and helminthes obtained from patients with Opisthorhis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) invasion].

According to some available reports, it is known that there may be an increased accumulation of some micronutrients in the samples of hair and blood. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the general regularities of accumulation of micronutrients in the samples of liver tissue and helminthic bodies obtained from patients with opisthorchiasis who lived in Tomsk and who had different etiological types of Opisthorchis (O. felineus) and Metorchis (M. bilis). The fact that M. bilis helminthes were present in 15 of 22 liver samples was verified by polymerase chain reaction. As compared with healthy individuals, patients with Opisthorchis invasion (particularly those with mixed Opisthorchis and Metorchis invasion) were found to have an increased liver tissue accumulation of chromium, mercury, cesium, lanthanum, and cobalt.

[Cytogenetic defects in lymphocytes of patients with chronic opisthorchiasis concurrent with Epstein-Barr virus persistence]. / Tsitogeneticheskie narusheniia v limfotsitakh krovi bol'nykh khronicheskim opistorkhozom, soprovozhdaiushchimsia persistentsiei virusa Epshteina-Barr.

Sixty three patients with chronic opisthorchiasis were cytogenetically, serologically, and biochemically studied. Most patients with opisthorchiasis were found to have higher or high titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr viral antigens. There was a direct correlation between the titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen and the count of cytogenetically damaged cells. The majority of opisthorchiasis patients with superinvasion, hepatic, pancreatic, and oropharyngeal diseases showed a great increase in the titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus antigens and a high persistence and in the cytogenetically damaged lymphocytes. Opisthorchiasis patients with high antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigens showed a considerable decrease in the parameters of the peripheral antioxidative system.

[The role of the association of Opisthorchis felineus maritae with the Epstein-Barr virus in the cytogenetic sequelae of an opisthorchiasis infection]. / Rol' assotsiatsii marit Opithorchis felineus s virusom Epshteina--Barr v tsitogeneticheskikh posledstviiakh opistorkhoznoi invazii.

The immunofluorescence analysis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens in the body of Opisthorchis felineus (OF) helminths was carried out. It was found that EBV antigens located in eggs of helminth. Adding of OF antigens and/or EBV to the lymphocyte human cultures of healthy donors can induce a cytogenetic damage in cells. A role of EBV location in opisthorchis eggs in chromosome damage and cancer development is discussed.

[Use of the micronucleus test in the evaluation of cytogenetic state of persons living in the polluted area of the Siberian chemical plant]. / Ispol'zovanie mikroiadernogo testa dlia otsenki sostoianiia tsitogeneticheskogo apparata u liudei, prozhivaiushchikh v zone vliianiia Sibirskogo khimicheskogo kombinata.

We have carried out analysis of the number of blood erythrocytes and lymphocytes with micronuclei in the inhabitants of four settlements located near the place of the accident, which happened at the atomic power station of the Siberian chemical plant (Tomsk-7) on April 6, 1993. In all cases, the people examined showed a considerable increase in the number of cells with micronuclei as compared with the control. We observed the same people for two years and found a gradual decrease in the number of cells with micronuclei. It has been shown in this work, that people born in 1963-1970 have a much higher level of cells with micronuclei, which we tend to regard as a result of the radiation accident at the Siberian chemical plant in 1963. The data we have obtained allow us to conclude that penetration of radionuclides into the human organism in the prenatal and early postnatal periods can lead to the formation of stable clones of erythroid cells with micronuclei and a higher level of erythrocytes with micronuclei, which can remain in the blood for a long time.

[A decrease in the level of erythrocytes with micronuclei under the influence of pyrimidine and thiazolidine derivatives in the blood of persons who came under radiation exposure as a result of the accident at the Siberian Chemical Combine]. / Snizhenie urovnia éritrotsitov s mikroiadrami pod vliianiem proizvodnykh pirimidina i tiazolidina v krovi liudei, popavshikh pod radiatsionnoe vozdeistvie v rezul'tate avarii na Sibirskom khimicheskom kombinate.

The authors have found that pentoxylum (pyrimidine derivative) and leucogenum (thyazolidine derivative) are capable or reducing the number of cells with micronuclei in the blood of people who suffered from the radiation accident at the radiochemical works of the Siberian chemical plant. The most effective decrease in the cells with micronuclei in adults was observed two weeks after treatment, while in children the same result was achieved with leucogenum on the third day.