[First- time isolation of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in Chad and experimental induction of the disease]. / Premier isolement au Tchad du virus de la PPR et reproduction expérimentale de la maladie.

In Chad, in 1993-1994, investigation into "peste des petits ruminants" (PPR) outbreaks were carried out in flocks of Sahelian goats. Although in the early 1993 outbreaks the virus had not been isolated yet, a serological prevalence (34%) was observed using ELISA test in 475 sera collected in the infested area. The virus was then isolated for the first time in Chad and typical PPR cases were observed in Sahelian goats, known to be little sensitive to the virus. To experimentally induce the disease, goats were inoculated with suspensions of lymph nodes or lungs, collected from sick animals. Lung suspensions induced the most serious symptoms. Suspensions of lungs and mesenteric lymph nodes were positive by agar-gel immunodiffusion test against PPR anti-serum, while prescapular lymph nodes remained negative. Characterization of the isolated virus, in particular with regard to its genomic identity, should be investigated.

[Improvement of the productivity of goats in the periurban zone of N'Djamena (Chad). Choice of measures following an ecopathological inquiry]. / Amélioration de la productivité des chèvres en zone périurbaine de N'Djaména (Tchad). Choix des mesures suite à une enquête écopathologique.

A goat herd follow-up and an ecopathological survey on respiratory diseases were undertaken in Chad. Late puberty and high mortality were highlighted by the follow-up. Diseases were frequent and depended on the season. Few risk factors of respiratory diseases were shown by the ecopathological survey. Mortality was connected with 3 parasitic and infectious factors. Decreasing the age at puberty and the mortality rate are priorities. Measures to achieve these aims are well known. They must be set up within a development program, in interaction with research, for a good use by the goat farmer.

[Ecopathological survey on pneumopathies in goats during the dry cold season in Chad: methodological aspects]. / L'enquête écopathologique sur les pneumopathies des chèvres en saison sèche froide au Tchad: aspects méthodologiques.

The authors describe the methodology used in an ecopathological survey of goat pneumopathies in periurban area of N'Djamena (Chad) during the dry, cold season of 1991-1992. The choice of farms was made after a typology survey. A total of 3,500 small ruminants (85% of goats) belonging to 60 farms were identified and the performance and health of the animals examined from August 1991. The protocol used for collecting information and the strategy applied to the analysis of data were based on conceptual pre-models of analysis corresponding to the 3 observations scales used, i.e. goat, concession flock, day flock. The survey took place from December 1991 to March 1992. The difficulties of the statistical interpretation of the data, are emphasized. The biological significance of the risk factors is discussed. Measures for obtaining improvements should take into account the cost/profit ratio and the technical and financial possibilities of the farmers.

[Evaluation of serological protection against cattle rinderpest of bovine livestock in Chad]. / Evaluation de la protection sérologique contre la peste bovine du cheptel bovin tchadien.

2,544 bovine sera, sampled during the year 1986 either in the course of five field missions or at Farcha's abattoir, have been studied by seroneutralization against rinderpest. This survey permits the determination of the overall rinderpest immunity rate in Chadian cattle.