RESUMO
Food poisoning at care facilities for the elderly has been breaking out approximately ten cases per year nationwide from 2001 to 2010. Especially, it reflected the characteristics of food poisoning caused by noroviruses at a high rate. Usually we have been preventing from food poisoning by noroviruses working on existing measures such as temperature control of food materials, sanitary handlings of cooking tools and table wares, and so on. Additionally, the most effective measures to avoid secondary pollution at care facilities for the elderly is that all members at these facilities have to have a sense of crisis about food poisoning by noroviruses and managers at these facilities must take care of health control for all staff.
Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae , Manipulação de Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/virologia , Gastroenterite/prevenção & controle , Gastroenterite/virologia , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos , Controle de Infecções , Norovirus , Casas de Saúde , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Utensílios de Alimentação e Culinária , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Casas de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
An analytical method using pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBB) derivatization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been applied to identify and quantify chloro-, bromo- and dichlorophenols in air, water and sediment samples. Phenols in air sample were collected with a PS-2 Sep-PAK cartridge, and eluted with 2-propanol. For water and sediment samples, liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane was carried out, and the solvent was exchanged to 2-propanol. The phenols in the solution reacted with PFBB to form the corresponding pentafluorobenzyl esters. After extracting the derivatives into hexane, the determination was carried out by GC/MS with selected-ion monitoring. The detection limits of phenols in air, water and sediment were 0.0033 - 0.0073 microg/m3, 0.0066 - 0.0147 microg/L and 0.33 - 0.73 microg/kg, respectively. More than 90% recoveries of the halogenated phenols were obtained from real environmental samples spiked by the halogenated phenols. The three isomers of mono-chlorophenols were detected in sediment samples in the range of 5.2 - 9.2 microg/kg in wet weight basis.
