Prognostic factors in patients with heart failure and sarcopenia: an observational retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) prevalence increases with age, and sarcopenia is a poor prognostic factor in patients with HF. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with HF and sarcopenia. RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed 256 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital for HF between May 2018 and May 2021, underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The prognoses and characteristics were evaluated and compared between patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% (reduced LVEF, HF with reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF]) and those with LVEF ≥ 50% (preserved LVEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF]). 83 (32%) and 173 (68%) patients had HFrEF and HFpEF, respectively. The HFrEF group had fewer women, lower hypertension rates, higher ischemic heart disease rates, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels than did the HFpEF group. Kaplan-Meier analysis for all-cause death showed that the HFrEF group had a significantly worse prognosis than the HFpEF group [log-rank p = 0.002]. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with HF and sarcopenia, older age, higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, BNP levels, and reduced LVEF were independent predictors of death after evaluation. During the treatment of patients with HF and sarcopenia, it is necessary to manage treatment with close attention to BNP and LVEF.

Acute decompensated heart failure in a patient with primary aldosteronism successfully treated with an adrenalectomy: A case report.

Primary aldosteronism is often associated with heart failure (HF), and is reportedly difficult to treat in some cases. We report a case of severe HF associated with primary aldosteronism. A patient with HF, who was suspected of having primary aldosteronism, was referred to and examined at our hospital. After detailed examination, the patient was diagnosed with exacerbation of HF, and was treated at our department. Catheterization after admission revealed Forrester class IV HF. The patient was treated with catecholamine infusion in combination with medical treatment including mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The patient was diagnosed with hypertension due to primary aldosteronism and intractable secondary HF with increased peripheral vascular resistance. An open adrenalectomy was successfully performed under intra-aortic balloon pumping. Right heart catheterization, performed soon thereafter, demonstrated improvement in the patient's blood pressure and hemodynamics. We speculate that the improved cardiac function resulted from a reduction in the vascular resistance, as a consequence of the adrenalectomy. .

Impact of anatomical position of the inflow cannula on stroke in patients with left ventricular assist devices.

OBJECTIVES: Stroke is a substantial complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The relationship between stroke and the anatomical position of the inflow cannula of patients who underwent LVAD implantation was investigated. METHODS: We enrolled 15 patients with advanced-stage heart failure who underwent implantation of continuous-flow-LVAD. Data of patients who suffered a stroke within 6 months after LVAD implantation were retrospectively compared to those who remained free of stroke. The distance between the inflow duct and left ventricular (LV) septum (duct-sep distance) and its ratio to LV diastolic diameter (LVDd) were measured from echocardiography at 1 month after LVAD implantation. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the endpoint of stroke using the duct-sep distance to LVDd ratio was created and the cut-off value was calculated. The incidence of stroke during the 6 months after LVAD implantation according to this ratio was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: At 1 month after LVAD implantation, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and echocardiography parameters between the stroke and stroke-free groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the endpoint of stroke using the duct-sep distance to LVDd ratio revealed 0.217 as a cut-off value (sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 80%, area under the curve: 0.72). Stroke was more frequent in patients with a duct-sep distance to LVDd ratio ⩾0.217 at 1 month than in those with a lower ratio. CONCLUSION: The duct-sep distance to LVDd ratio was associated with the occurrence of stroke, suggesting that inflow cannula position influences the incidence of stroke.

Prognosis and recurrence in cardiac sarcoidosis: Serial assessment of BMIPP SPECT and FDG-PET.

BACKGROUND: We analyzed 18F-Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and 123I-betamethyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) performed for cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) patients taking prednisolone, identified recurrence by FDG-PET, and investigated BMIPP as a recurrence and prognostic factor in CS. METHODS AND RESULTS: CS patients who underwent BMIPP and FDG-PET within 2 months were enrolled. The recurrence-free group included patients with standardized uptake value (SUVmax) < 4 in the myocardium consecutively for ≥ 2 years. The total BMIPP SPECT defect score (BDS) was used to estimate myocardial damage. The predictability of the initial BDS and SUVmax for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Overall, 73 patients and 250 BMIPP and FDG-PET sets were analyzed retrospectively (mean follow-up, 3.5 years). The BDS was significantly greater for the recurrence group (N = 21) vs recurrence-free group (20 ± 13 vs 14 ± 12, P = 0.041). Patients with BDS ≥16 had a significantly higher MACE rate than patients with BDS < 16 (log-rank test, P = 0.016). However, MACE occurrence was comparable between patients with SUVmax ≥ 4 and < 4. CONCLUSIONS: BDS is a predictive marker of recurrence and MACE. SUV is not related to MACE. Recurrence, defined by prednisolone treatment-induced SUV variability, was observed in approximately 30% of CS patients.

Relationship between hepatic grayish-white solid nodules in horses imported from Canada and larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection.

Histopathological and genetic examinations were conducted on grayish-white solid hepatic nodules in 150 horses imported from Canada, in order to investigate larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Ten of the 150 horses (6.7%) were diagnosed with alveolar hydatid disease. The sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b genes obtained from all 10 polymerase chain reaction positive samples had 99 to 100% identity with the European haplotype E1 of E. multilocularis. Therefore, we concluded that the infections likely originated in Canada.

Relation entre les nodules hépatiques solides blanc-grisâtre trouvés chez des chevaux importés du Canada et l'infection larvaire à Echinococcus multilocularis . Des examens histopathologiques et génétiques ont été effectués sur des nodules hépatiques solides blanc-grisâtre observés chez 150 chevaux importés du Canada afin d'étudier l'infection larvaire à Echinococcus multilocularis. Dix des 150 chevaux (6,7 %) ont reçu un diagnostic de maladie hydatique alvéolaire. Les séquences des gènes mitochondriaux du cytochrome b obtenus à partir des 10 échantillons positifs par réaction d'amplification en chaîne par la polymérase ont montré une identité de 99 à 100 % avec l'haplotype européen E1 d'E. multilocularis. L'haplotype d'E. multilocularis obtenu à partir de cette étude suggère que les infections sont probablement originaires du Canada.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Clinical features of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve among patients without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and clinical features of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have not been studied well. METHODS: Records of 9180 sequential patients who underwent echocardiography at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital were reviewed. SAM patients were divided into those with HCM (HCM; n=60, 68%) and those without HCM (non-HCM; n=28, 32%). To assess SAM morphology, non-HCM patients were divided into the valvular and chordal groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of non-HCM SAM was 0.3%. Non-HCM patients showed older age (65.7±15.0 years vs. 56.9±16.8 years, p=0.02), higher prevalence of sigmoid septum (75% vs. 50%, p=0.03), and lower left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOT-PG) (27±31mmHg vs. 43±41mmHg, p=0.03) than HCM patients. However, 8 of 28 non-HCM patients showed a LVOT-PG >30mmHg. Valvular SAM showed higher dyspnea prevalence (29% vs. 0%, p=0.04), higher LVOT-PG (39±36mmHg vs. 6±2mmHg, p<0.001), longer anterior mitral leaflet (28±2mm vs. 26±3mm, p=0.04) and more pronounced mitral regurgitation than chordal SAM. CONCLUSION: Non-HCM SAM prevalence was 0.3% in the Japanese population. Non-HCM SAM correlated with older age, sigmoid septum, and a lower LVOT-PG compared with HCM SAM. Among non-HCM SAM, valvular SAM showed a significant symptom, higher LVOT-PG, and more pronounced mitral regurgitation than chordal SAM.