[Principles of diagnosis of parenchymal and calyceal kidney cancer]. / Printsipy diagnostiki raka parenkhimy i lokhanki pochki.

AIM: To analyze features of kidney cancer diagnosis aimed at determination of invasion grade and suitable surgical approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out at the clinical bases of Urology Department of the Azerbaijan Medical University. There were 170 patients with kidney cancer for the period 2006-2016 (93 (54.7%) men and 77 (45.3%) women aged 15-82 years (mean 61.7 years)). All patients underwent transabdominal ultrasound, 84 (49.4%) - CT (contrast-enhanced procedure in 63 of them), 23 patients - MRI.

[Possible influence of epidemiological risk factors on the development of urolithiasis].

AIM: To study the epidemiological factors participating in the development of urolithiasis as risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of the 2007-2011 examinations and follow-ups of 2305 patients diagnosed with urolithiasis, who had been treated at the bases of the Department of Urology, Azerbaijan Medical University, at the Acad. M.A. Mirkasimov Republican Clinical Hospital, and at the central hospitals in the North and North West regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan, were analyzed. RESULTS: In most cases, the 16-30- and 41-50-year age groups were at high risk for urolithiasis; an association was found between body mass index and the development of this disease. The mineral salt composition of stones was characterized by oxalate content in the majority of cases; urates ranked second. Urolithiasis was considered to be predominantly related to poor and satisfactory living conditions in most cases. Calculogensis in urolithiasis was most common in the people who had sedentary jobs, or in the unemployed. Examining the association of calculogenesis in urolithiasis patients with their geographical site type showed that the majority of these patients lived in the rural areas. CONCLUSION: The males who are older, overweight, lead a sedentary lifestyle or are unemployed, specifically those who live in the rural area, must more carefully implement preventive measures.

[Peculiarities of upper urinary tract drainage during surgical treatment of staghorn and multiple nephrolithiasis].

This work was designed to evaluate methods of kidney drainage used in the surgical treatment of 250 patients with staghorn and multiple nephrolithiasis (SMN). All of them underwent open surgery that was followed by drainage of the upper urinary tract in 192 patients. Internal stenting was used in 111 cases, pyelostomy in 28, nephrostomy in 47, and internal stenting with nephrostoma in 6 cases. 91 and 20 patients had a stent inserted into the upper urinary tract in a retrograde and antegrade manner respectively. Retrograde stenting was bilateral in 14 and unilateral in 66 cases. 85% of the cases with ureter stents were followed up as outpatients for 4-5 weeks and only 10% for 6-7 weeks. Forty and ten patients with stents presented with marked dysuria and hematuria respectively. On the whole, combined antibacterial treatment with drainage of the upper urinary tract significantly improved long-term results of SMN treatment. It is concluded that nephrostomy and pyelostomy should be performed on days 14-18 and 10-12 respectively whereas the stent needs to be removed between weeks 2 and 8 after surgery.

[Surgical treatment of paraurethral cysts in women].

We operated 29 patients aged 16-54 (mean age 35.4 years) with paraurethral cysts. Of them, 26 (89.6%) patients had skin cysts, 3 (10.4%) patients had Hartner cysts. The size of the cysts varied from 1.2 to 6 cm in case of skin cysts and from 4 to 8 cm in Hartner cysts. The paraurethral cysts were detected at vaginal examination. The diagnosis was confirmed at ultrasound examination. The operations were performed under general anesthesia in 23 and under local anesthesia in 6 women. Normal urination restored in 27 patients within 4 postoperative days. Postoperative cystitis developed in 2 patients with an abscess. No malignancy was found at histological examination. Paraurethral cysts are treated by single-stage surgery or resection and destruction of the cystous capsule with subsequent suturing on the vaginal wall.

[Correction of stress urinary incontinence in women with a free suburethral sling].

The most serious problem which must be solved in surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence is providing adequate support for the middle urethra or urinary bladder neck with minimal sling tension. High frequency of positive results of implantation of a free synthetic sling is explained by the fact that a prolen tape does not extend and reliably arrests shift of the vesico-urethral angle in elevation of intraperitoneal pressure unlike other artificial supports (a fascial loop, fixing ligatures, ect.). Thus, the TVT operation is an effective treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. The success of the surgical intervention depends primarily on adequate choice of patients and technically perfect conduction of the operation.

[Emoxipin in combined pharmacological defense of the kidney from ischemia and operative stress (an experimental study)]. / Emoksipin v kompleksnoi farmakologicheskoi zashchite pochki ot ishemicheskogo i operatsionnogo stressa (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

The paper presents experimental results of the study of kidney defense from normothermic ischemia and operative stress in interventions with stopping renal circulation. The antiischemic effect of emoxipin was studied in monotherapy and in combination with furosemide and verapamil. The above effect was found positive, especially in response to combined use of emoxipin, furosemide and verapamil.

[Nephrolithotomy in the treatment of severe nephrolithiasis]. / Nefrolitotomiia v lechenii tiazhelykh form nefrolitiaza.

Nephrolithotomy results are available for 63 patients with coral and multiple nephroliths operated in 1990-2002. These patients underwent 64 operations (one patient with bilateral nephrolithiasis had 2 consecutive nephrolithotomies within a month). The sites preferable for transverse nephrolithotomy are described and validated. Ligation of the renal artery with pharmacological antiischemic protection of the kidney with lasix and verapamil was performed in 40 cases.