Midpole Ureterocalycostomy for Renal Transplant Salvage: A Pediatric Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Ureteral obstruction is the most common urological complication of kidney transplantation. Obstruction secondary to ureteral stenosis can be an early or late complication. CASE REPORT: We present a patient in whom ureteral obstruction was initially identified at 2.5 months after transplant for which she underwent a midpole ureterocalycostomy between the midpole calyx of the transplant kidney and the native left ureter.

Behaviour Change: The Way Forward for the Youth

"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse and because of this; AIDS strikes selectively at the young and middle-aged adults; who are the most socially and economically productive members of the population. But while the youths are the most vulnerable group to HIV infection; they are also the most promising agents of behaviour change. about half the people who contract HIV are under the age of 25. Knowledge on people's beliefs; behaviour; attitude and practice are of fundamental importance in determining the steps people are likely to take (or not to take) to protect themselves; and their sexual partners against infection with HIV. So are social networks; peer groups; community norms and friendship networks. Objectives: To justify behaviour change as the way forward in the reduction of HIV/AIDS prevalence among the youth. Risk behaviour include: 1. Peer groups 2. Poor health seeking behaviour especially as far as STDs are concerned 3. Unprotected sexual intercourse 4. Excessive alcohol consumption 5. Multiple sexual partners and others. Conclusion: There 's no cure for AIDS as yet! Behaviour change must be emphasised and practiced now if we are to stop HIV infections especially as far as the youth are concerned. For this to be effective; it should involve the youth themselves in the generation of appropriate messages and should address socio-economic and cultural realities that influence sexual behaviour. Recommendations: 1. Active involvement of members of the target audience in the intervention project activities (e.g. as peer educators; interviewers; project staff); youth clubs. 2. Parents should create time to discuss ""sex"" with their feelings about relationships; and areas of risk situations. 4. Negotiating sex e.g. say No to sex convincingly. 5. Practicing safer sex e.g. always have condoms ready. 6. Seek treatment in case of STIs."