Epidemic of Depression and Anxiety in child and adolescent population during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta analysis of the prevalence of depression and anxiety.

COVID-19 has caused mayhem in the life of people. It has disrupted the social fabric of life. The children and adolescent population has been particularly affected by its direct and indirect effects. This systematic review aims to find the prevalence of depression and anxiety in children and adolescent age groups. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for finding the prevalence of depression and anxiety. We found the total number of participants to be 71,016. A random effect model was used for conducting meta-analysis. The prevalence of depression was mentioned in 17 studies of 23 and the pooled prevalence was 27% [95% confidence interval: 21%-36%] and heterogeneity (I2 statistics; P <.00001) was 100%. The prevalence of anxiety was found in 20 studies of 23 and the pooled anxiety prevalence was 25% (95% confidence interval: 16%-41%) and heterogeneity (I2 statistics; P < .00001) was found to be 100%. The summary of the findings has been provided. Due to high heterogeneity, moderator analysis was performed separately for depression and anxiety subgroups. The study design consisted of cross-sectional studies and some studies conducted through online surveys. The age range varied considerably from 1 year to 19 years; 5 studies had participants aged more than 19 years, but the mean age of the total sample was less than 18 years. We conclude that indeed there is a mental health epidemic among the child and adolescent population. We recommend early intervention and tailored made strategies should for management. As the pandemic is enduring, rigorous monitoring should be done. This age group is under extra pressure owing to a large uncertainty about their studies as well their future.

Psychiatric morbidity in absentees in industry.

BACKGROUND: Absenteeism refers to a worker's unscheduled absence from the workplace. Around the world, a large share of mental disorders can be attributed to work productivity losses. Despite industries working on improvement in employees' wages, better work environment and improved health care to improve their mental health. Absenteeism continues to be a global burden. AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the factors influencing absenteeism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample size of 100 workers was selected and standardized, and reliable research tools were employed. Factors influencing absenteeism such as the sociodemographic factors, personality traits, psychiatric morbidity, family typology, and interactions were studied using relevant scales, i.e., Eysenck's Personality Inventory and Family Typology by Batti and Channabasavanna. RESULTS: Study found that absentees were more emotionally stable, whereas regulars were found to be emotionally unstable. Factors were found to be associated with absenteeism such as low income, 11-20 years of service, low mean neuroticism score, chronic physical disease, high psychiatric morbidity among the workers, egoistic and anomic family typology. This study reveals that a significantly higher proportion of absentees had a low pay scale. Paradoxically, a high proportion of absenteeism had a longer duration service, indicating that the low pay scales could have resulted from disciplinary actions against absentees, like loss of increments, etc. CONCLUSION: Psychosis, alcoholism, and chronic physical illnesses are among the illnesses which contribute to absenteeism.

Hippocratic oath: Losing relevance in today's world?

Hippocrates oath has been considered the gold standard of ethics in medicine since long. But, the oath was formulated long before the advancements in bioethics. In this article, we try to analyse the important aspects of the oath and examine whether it holds up in the current era of medical malpractice and consumer laws or has lost its relevance.

Violence against doctors: A viral epidemic?

Violence against doctors at their workplace is not a new phenomenon. However, in recent times, reports of doctors getting thrashed by patients and their relatives are making headlines around the world and are shared extensively on social media. Almost every doctor is worried about violence at his/her workplace, and very few doctors are trained to avoid or deal with such situations. This article aims to discuss the risk factors associated with violence against doctors and the possible steps at a personal, institutional, or policy level that are needed to mitigate such incidents.

Creativity and psychopathology: Two sides of the same coin?

The Mad Genius is a recurring stereotype of contemporary cultural expression, and many famous personalities and creators have suffered from psychopathology. Creativity and genius may be a sought-after trait; however, it is also commonly believed to be associated with psychopathology. This has been examined, starting with Lombroso's investigation of genius and madness in 1800s followed by a dearth of literature debating the association between the two. This evidence for this polarizing issue ranges from psychometric to neuroscientific disciplines and creates ambiguity neither refuting nor accepting this association completely. Through this article, we briefly review the literature on this subject and try to decipher what is written in between the lines, how creativity and psychopathology may fuel each other, and what may be its clinical implications.

Comprehensive Management of Autism: Current Evidence.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted repetitive behavior. The goals of treatment are to target core behaviors, improve social interactions and communication, and reduce disruptive behavior. The present paper discusses the role of applied behavioral analysis and pharmacotherapy.

Child who presented with hematohidrosis (sweating blood) with oppositional defiant disorder.

Hematohidrosis is a very rare condition of sweating blood. A child's case who presented to us with hematohidrosis is reported. There are only few reports in the literature. A 10-year-old boy presented to our hospital with a history of repeated episodes of oozing of blood from navel, eyes, ear lobules, and nose. During the examination, it disappeared as soon as it was mopped leaving behind no sign of trauma only to reappear within a few seconds. Bleeding time, clotting time, and prothrombin time were normal. Patient was diagnosed with hematohidrosis and oppositional defiant disorder clinically. Management of this condition at our center is discussed below.