Effect of Vitrification on Functional Morphology and Viability of the Ovarian Tissue.

The results of a complex morphofunctional study with markers of proliferation (PCNA and Ki-67), angiogenesis (CD31 and CD34), and structural integrity of mesenchymal cells (vimentin) suggest that the pool of primordial follicles was well preserved in vitrified ovarian tissue and that viability of its cellular components can be rapidly restored during incubation at 37°C within 4 h after thawing.

[The effectiveness of fractionated exposure of sarcoma M-1 to gamma-radiation and fast neutrons].

The effectiveness of fractionated exposure to gamma- and neutron radiation in their separate and combined use on the growth and functional morphology of mutant p53 sarcoma M-1 in rats was studied. Investigation techniques included immunostaining of PCNA and mutant p53 expressing cells, determination of mitotic activity and apoptotic death of tumor cells, as well as computer analysis of microscopic images. The antitumor efficacy of different types of radiation is shown to be determined by different levels of apoptosis induction, reduced proliferation and cellularity. Neutron radiation of the impulse generator has a marked damaging effect on the vasculature and the development of tumor necrosis. Fractionated irradiation at equal daily doses led to the decrease in the relative effectiveness of radio-inactivation of tumor cells. After 9 fractions of irradiation, the calculated value of the RBE of fast neutrons normalized to the input dose of 1 Gy by the coefficient of tumor growth inhibition, a reduced proliferative activity of PCNA and induced apoptosis of tumor cells was 3.4, 3.7 and 3.1, respectively. In the mode of daily superfractionation with splitting the dose in two fractions, the effectiveness of the combined exposure corresponded to the additive effect of gamma- and neutron radiation with a tendency toward synergism. There are reasons to believe that high resistance of sarcoma M-1 to the ionizing radiation impact is due not only to a fraction of hypoxic cells, but also the mutant status of p53 gene.

Morphofunctional study of the therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal and neural stem cells in rats with diffuse brain injury.

We studied the effect of transplantation of human stem cells from various tissues on reparative processes in the brain of rats with closed craniocerebral injury. Combined treatment with standard drugs and systemic administration of xenogeneic stem cells had a neuroprotective effect. The morphology of neurons rapidly returned to normal after administration of fetal neural stem cells. Fetal mesenchymal stem cells produced a prolonged effect on proliferative activity of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of neurogenesis. Adult mesenchymal stem cells had a strong effect on recovery of the vascular bed in ischemic regions.

Morphofunctional study of the therapeutic effect of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in experimental diffuse brain injury in rats.

Effects of systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells obtained by culturing of autologous bone marrow on proliferative activity of cells and functional morphology of neurons after diffuse brain injury were studied in Wistar rats. Comparative analysis of the results indicated that systemic injection of mesenchymal stem cells in a syngeneic organism produced proliferotropic, angiogenic, and, presumably, neurotrophic effects. The therapeutic effect visually manifested on day 2 after intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells during the early period of reparative regeneration of ischemic cell and tissue structures of the brain. The neuroprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cells was more pronounced against the background of basic therapy.

[Age-related involution of organs and tissues]. / Vozrastnaia involiutsiia organov i tkanei.

Contemporary civilization confronts the humankind with the challenge of rapid ageing, which becomes especially relevant for developed countries. This necessitates the elaboration of optimal approaches to the management of ageing, which would enable a radical prolongation of active, full-value, working period of human life and, thus, would reduce the percentage of age-related disability. An essential role in the successful accomplishment of these objectives consists in the search for the mechanisms of age-related involution of organs and tissues. This overview presents and analysis of the modern concepts of these mechanisms.

Hormonal function of nonendocrine cells: role of new biological phenomenon in the regulation of homeostasis.

Recent studies revealed a new biological phenomenon: hormone synthesis in nonendocrine cells. Here we review hormone production by 4 types of nonendocrine cells of different origins, localizations, and functions and the role of this biological phenomenon in the maintenance of homeostasis. Our results and published data suggest that hormonal function is a general biological property not specific for only neuroendocrine cells, but rather typical of all living cells independently of their origin and role in the body.

[Hemopoiesis stimulation by low-intensity laser radiation in acute radiation sickness exacerbated by thermal trauma]. / Stimuliatsiia gemopoéza nizkointensivnym lazernym izlucheniem pri ostroi luchevoi bolezni, otiagoshchennoi termicheskoi travmoi.

In experiments with gamma-irradiated (dose of 7.0 Gy) and burned (III-B grade, 10% skin injury) hybrid mice the haemopoietic effect (1.5-2-fold increase) of low-intensity laser irradiation (LILI) has been detected. At the same time there was no effect of LILI on normal animals.

[The stimulation of postradiation thrombocytopoiesis by low-intensity laser radiation]. / Stimuliatsiia postradiatsionnogo trombotsitopoéza nizkointensivnym lazernym izlucheniem.

In experiments with gamma-irradiated (LD50/30) F1(CBA x C57Bl) hybrid mice, thrombocytopoietic effect of low-intensity laser radiation has been detected. The data obtained may be used in developing modes of haemopoiesis stimulation in a gamma-irradiated organism.