Decoupling of inorganic and organic carbon during slab mantle devolatilisation.

Serpentinites are an important sink for both inorganic and organic carbon, and their behavior during subduction is thought to play a fundamental role in the global cycling of carbon. Here we show that fluid-derived veins are preserved within the Zermatt-Saas ultra-high pressure serpentinites providing key evidence for carbonate mobility during serpentinite devolatilisation. We show through the O, C, and Sr isotope analyses of vein minerals and the host serpentinites that about 90% of the meta-serpentinite inorganic carbon is remobilized during slab devolatilisation. In contrast, graphite-like carbonaceous compounds remain trapped within the host rock as inclusions within metamorphic olivine while the bulk elemental and isotope composition of organic carbon remains relatively unchanged during the subduction process. This shows a decoupling behavior of carbon during serpentinite dehydration in subduction zones. This process will therefore facilitate the transfer of inorganic carbon to the mantle wedge and the preferential slab sequestration of organic carbon en route to the deep mantle.

The burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children presenting to a paediatric hospital.

The aim of this study was to determine the burden, management and outcomes of rotavirus infection in young children presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Sydney, Australia. All laboratory-confirmed cases of rotavirus in children aged <5 years were identified and medical records reviewed. In 2004, 80 children aged <5 years presented to the hospital with rotavirus gastroenteritis confirmed by stool testing. Infants aged <24 months comprised 75% of cases, with more males than females affected. Most children (86%) acquired rotavirus infection in the community, with a mean length of hospital admission of 2.3 days. There were eight cases of nosocomial infection at a rate of 3/10 000 admissions. The rates of intravenous fluid management (46%) and antibiotic use (28%) were high, reflecting the severity of disease presenting in a hospital setting. These data will help inform the assessment of the recently introduced rotavirus vaccination programme in Australia.

Electro-analgesia.

Between May 1975 and March 1976, 19 patients with pain or hypersensitivity, or both, in the distribution of a peripheral nerve were treated with electro-analgesia in the physiotherapy department of Sydney Hospital. The rationale for this treatment is the work of Melzack and Wall (1965). The current selected was that used by Meyer and Field (1972), a unidirectional square wave current with pulse length of 0.1 millisecond at a frequency of 100 Hertz. The machine used was a GRASS S48 stimulator, which is a highly accurate instrument. The electrodes were twin silver plates, 15 mm x 7 mm approximately, covered with lint mounted with a space of 2.5 cm on a piece of perspex (Fig. 1) or silver wire covered with lint for use on fingers.