Generational Bias: Another Form of Ageism.

Ageism includes discrimination toward both younger and older individuals. Discrimination based on generational cohorts can serve as a proxy for discrimination based on age and, therefore, can be argued as a form of ageism. This study examined the occurrence of generational ageism and its relationship to internalized and relational ageism. This cross-sectional study surveyed 913 individuals recruited through ResearchMatch. Analyses found that those in the Millennial and Gen Z groups reported experiencing the highest levels of discrimination based on generational cohort and reported feeling that their generational groups were viewed as less capable, more opinionated, and more selfish than other generations. Millennial and Gen Z groups also reported experiencing higher internalized and relational ageing anxiety levels than older cohorts. As our collective understanding of the manifestation and perpetuation of ageism grows, it is imperative to explore the impact and consequences of generational bias as a form of ageism.

The Next Critical Turn for Ageism Research: The Intersections of Ageism and Ableism.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Aging includes multidimensional and multidirectional changes in biology, psychology, and social roles. With aging, individuals experience physiological changes that affect ability, stamina, and reserve capacity. Given the natural occurrence of physical decline accompanying aging, it is essential to understand if fear and prejudice toward disability (ableism) intersect and influence fear and anxiety about aging (ageism). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted using ResearchMatch for study recruitment, 913 individuals responded to questions regarding 3 types of ageism, including affinity for older people, internalized ageism, and relational ageism, as well as internalized and relational ableism. RESULTS: Internalized ageism was significantly associated with relational ageism, fear of physical disability, fear of cognitive disability, and affinity for older people. Relational ageism was associated with internalized ageism, relational ableism, fear of physical disability, fear of sensory disability, fear of cognitive disability, and affinity for older people. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Examining the intersection of ageism and ableism represents the next pivotal juncture to developing effective anti-ageism interventions that address the root anxieties influencing negative attitudes about aging and fears of growing older. Public policy initiatives to address community-level interventions and targeted training to inform discourse that addresses the intersection between ageism and ableism are critical to addressing these issues and promoting age and ability inclusivity.

"I like being young, active, alive": first-year medical students' attitudes to their own aging.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Senior Mentoring programs have been developed to expose students to older adults, increase knowledge of geriatrics, and prepare them to provide patient-centered care. However, even while participating in a senior mentoring program, health professions students demonstrate discriminatory language toward older adults and the aging process. In fact, research suggests ageist practices occur, intentionally or not, among all health professionals and within all healthcare settings. Senior mentoring programs have primarily focused on improving attitudes about older people. The current study evaluated a different approach to anti-ageism by examining medical students' perceptions of their own aging. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This qualitative, descriptive study explored medical students' beliefs about their own aging at the beginning of their medical education using an open-ended prompt immediately before beginning a Senior Mentoring program. RESULTS: Thematic analysis identified six themes: Biological, Psychological, Social, Spiritual, Neutrality and Ageism. Responses suggest that students enter medical school with a complex view of aging that goes beyond biological considerations. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Understanding that students enter medical school with a multi-faceted view of aging provides an opportunity for future work to explore senior mentoring programs as a way to tap into this complex view of aging by changing the way students think not just about older patients but about aging more broadly, and specifically about themselves as aging individuals.

The efficacy of a video-based intervention to reduce ageism among long-term services and supports staff.

Research has shown that ageism can act as a barrier to both quality of life and quality of care delivery within the continuum of residential care settings. Anti-ageism interventions have the hefty task of improving attitudes and behaviors toward aging and older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a one-hour video-based intervention designed to address ageism could decrease self-reported ageist attitudes and behaviors among staff members of long-term service and support settings. This cross-sectional study used data collected from 265 staff members of aging services organizations. The study examined ageist attitudes and behaviors at pre-intervention, and at two follow-up points: immediately after the intervention and three-month post-intervention. Results demonstrated that internalized aging anxiety significantly decreased from pre-intervention to the immediate follow-up and stayed stable at the 2nd follow-up. Results showed that ageist behaviors significantly decreased over the three-month study period and that participants were able to identify specific actions they had taken as a result of the video intervention. The study suggests that a low-cost, short video-based intervention on ageism can improve ageism-related attitudes and behaviors among staff in long-term services and supports settings.

Implementing Microlearning in Nursing Homes: Implications for Policy and Practice in Person-Centered Dementia Care.

The aim of this study was to develop and pilot a 52-week Microlearning curriculum on person-centered dementia care in nine nursing homes. The goal was to evaluate the usability and application of Microlearning as a tool to increase staff knowledge and improve perceptions of people with dementia, thus increasing their ability to deliver person-centered care and their job satisfaction. Findings indicate that participants enjoyed the flexible, 24/7 access to training and found that the immediacy of the format encouraged them to apply their learning directly to practice. Staff knowledge and attitudes toward people with dementia were positively impacted by the training, as was job satisfaction. Further research to test the efficacy of Microlearning compared to usual training is warranted, as are coordinated policy development efforts that can guide the implementation of best practices in the use of Microlearning as an innovative training modality in nursing homes.

FAMILIES: an effective healthcare intervention for caregivers of community dwelling people living with dementia.

Objectives: Caregiving for a person with dementia (PWD) carries increased risk of poorer health and quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions improve outcomes for caregivers of PWDs. We evaluated the efficacy of a modified New York University Caregiver Intervention (NYUCI), named FAMILIES, delivered to spousal and non-spousal caregivers of PWDs from diverse etiologies in a reduced number of sessions.Methods: Participants were 122 primary caregivers for community dwelling PWDs in Virginia. The intervention included two individual and four family/group counseling sessions that integrated dementia education, coping skills and behavioral management training, emotional support, and identification of family and community resources. Assessment of depression, caregiver well-being and burden, and caregiver reactions to the behavioral symptoms of dementia (BSD) were completed at baseline, the sixth session, and 6-month follow-up.Results: Symptoms of depression (p < .001) and caregiver burden (p = .001) and caregivers' capacity to effectively manage their reactions to BSD (p = .003), significantly improved at the sixth session. Benefits were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Being married and female predicted improvement in caregiver burden; being male and living in a rural area predicted reduced risk of depression. Caregivers reported that the intervention was helpful and had a positive impact on the PWD.Conclusions: Modifications to the NYUCI did not diminish its efficacy. Caregivers in FAMILIES experienced improvements in depressive symptoms, caregiver burden, and their ability to effectively manage their reactions to BSD. Systemic support for implementing FAMILIES could have a broad impact on caregivers, PWDs, and the healthcare system.