Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Reconstitution of Circulating Monocyte, Dendritic Cell, and Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Adults Undergoing Single-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation.

The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in the development of host innate immune cells, such as monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells. We examined the association between intestinal microbiota and subsequent immune reconstitution of circulating monocyte, DC, and NK cell subsets in 38 adult patients undergoing single-unit cord blood transplantation (CBT). A higher diversity of intestinal microbiota at 1 month was significantly associated with higher counts of plasmacytoid DCs at 7 months after CBT, as measured by the Chao1 index. Principal coordinate analysis of unweighted UniFrac distances showed significant differences between higher and lower classical monocyte reconstitution at 7 months post-CBT. The families Neisseriaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Propionibacteriaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae were increased in higher classical monocyte reconstitution at 7 months post-CBT, whereas the family Bacteroidaceae was increased in lower classical monocyte reconstitution at 7 months post-CBT. These data show that intestinal microbiota composition affects immune reconstitution of classical monocyte and plasmacytoid DCs following single-unit CBT.

Aureitalea marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from seawater.

An irregular rod-shaped, non-gliding, yellow-pigmented bacterium was isolated from seawater from the western North Pacific Ocean near Japan. The strain, designated S1-66T, was Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, heterotrophic and oxidase-positive. Growth occurred in the presence of 1-4 % NaCl, with optimum growth at 2 % NaCl. The strain grew at 15-30 °C, with optimum growth at 20-25 °C. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 48.1 mol% (HPLC). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-6 and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (26.4 %), iso-C15:1 (20.3 %) and iso-C17:0 3-OH (14.2 %). Phylogenetic trees generated by using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain S1-66T belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae and showed 94.2 % sequence similarity to the most closely related type strain, Ulvibacter antarcticus IMCC3101T. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic features, S1-66T is classified in a novel genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Aureitalea marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aureitalea marina is S1-66T (=NBRC 107741T=KCTC 23434T).

Halioglobus japonicus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Halioglobus pacificus sp. nov., members of the class Gammaproteobacteria isolated from seawater.

Two coccoid, non-motile bacteria were isolated from seawater in the north-western Pacific Ocean near Japan. The two strains, designated S1-36(T) and S1-72(T), were Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, heterotrophic and catalase-negative. They were able to reduce nitrate to nitrogen. Both strains required NaCl for growth, with optimum growth in 2% NaCl, and grew at 15-30 °C, with optimum growth at 20-25 °C. Genomic DNA G+C contents of strains S1-36(T) and S1-72(T) were 59.6 and 59.4 mol%, respectively. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and major cellular fatty acids were C(16:1)ω7c, C(18:1)ω7c and C(17:1)ω8c. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains S1-36(T) and S1-72(T) were related to each other (96.1% sequence similarity) and both strains showed 92.3-94.7% sequence similarity with members of the genus Haliea. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic features, strains S1-36(T) and S1-72(T) should be classified as representatives of two novel species in a new genus, Halioglobus gen. nov., within the class Gammaproteobacteria. The names proposed are Halioglobus japonicus sp. nov., the type species of the genus, with S1-36(T) ( = NBRC 107739(T) = KCTC 23429(T)) as type strain, and Halioglobus pacificus sp. nov., with S1-72(T) ( = NBRC 107742(T) = KCTC 23430(T)) as type strain.

Removal of heavy metals in rinsing wastewater from plating factory by adsorption with economical viable materials.

The removal of heavy metals from plating factory wastewater with economical materials was investigated by the column method. Montmorillonite, kaolin, tobermorite, magnetite, silica gel and alumina were used as the economical adsorbents to wastewater containing Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II). This removal method of heavy metals proved highly effective as removal efficiency tended to increase with increasing pH and decrease with increasing metal concentration. The removal percentages by adsorption onto montmorillonite, tobermorite, magnetite, and silica gel showed high values for all metals. From the results for the heat of adsorption, the adsorption process in the present study might be chemisorption. The proposed method was successfully applied to the removal of Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Cu(II) in rinsing wastewater from plating factory in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Since the economical adsorbents used can be obtained commercially because they are easily synthesized, the wastewater treatment system developed is rapid, simple and cheap for the removal of heavy metals.