RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether drawing is useful in the detection of problems of psychosocial adaptation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in improving communication with health professionals. METHODS: We performed an exploratory descriptive study in 199 children and adolescents with T1D aged 4-13 years. The participants were asked to render a drawing on a suggested topic. The variables analyzed were related to the drawing and to clinical and sociodemographic data. RESULTS: Most participants showed evidence of having a well-balanced personality, but there were also signs of affective or psychosocial difficulties. CONCLUSION: Drawing is a useful technique by which to identify children's and adolescents' feelings and possible problems in adapting to T1D, as well as to gain information directly from the children themselves. Future studies should delimit the possibilities of this technique in clinical practice in greater detail.
RESUMO
Tras revisar y analizar diferentes definiciones de salud, se diseñó un estudio descriptivo transversal con el objetivo de conocer el significado de salud en 13 colectivos comunitarios diferentes e identificar los factores socioculturales que lo determinan. Se pidió a los sujetos que definieran la salud con palabras clave. Se agruparon las palabras por categorías y se analizaron las 10 más repetidas en cada colectivo en grupos de discusión. Se estudiaron 1.161 sujetos y se obtuvieron 3.624 palabras que se agruparon en 10 categorías. Los resultados muestran que los profesionales y estudiantes sanitarios tienen un concepto de salud aprendido y distinto, ligado a un enfoque educativo y profesional diferenciado, mientras que para el resto de grupos la salud se relaciona con la satisfacción de sus necesidades prioritarias que son diferentes según edad, sexo y situación de cada persona(AU)
After reviewing and analyzing different definitions of what health is, the authors designed a transversal descriptive study whose objective was to discover the meaning of health in 13 different community collectives and to identify the socio-cultural factors which determine health. Study subjects were asked to define health with key words. These key words were grouped by category and the authors analyzed the ten most repeated words each collective in this study named. The authors studied 1161 subjects and obtained 3624 words which were grouped into ten categories. Study results show that health professionals and students have a learned and distinct concept of health, linked to an differentiated educational, professional focus while the remaining health groups relate to key words connected to the degree of satisfaction for their prioritized necessities which vary according to the age, sex and circumstances each person has(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Saúde , 24419 , Inquéritos e Questionários , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Estudantes de Ciências da SaúdeRESUMO
After reviewing and analyzing different definitions of what health is, the authors designed a transversal descriptive study whose objective was to discover the meaning of health in 13 different community collectives and to identify the socio-cultural factors which determine health. Study subjects were asked to define health with key words. These key words were grouped by category and the authors analyzed the ten most repeated words each collective in this study named. The authors studied 1167 subjects and obtained 3624 words which were grouped into ten categories. Study results show that health professionals and students have a learned and distinct concept of health, linked to an differentiated educational, professional focus while the remaining health groups relate to key words connected to the degree of satisfaction for their prioritized necessities which vary according to the age, sex and circumstances each person has.
Assuntos
Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
Objetivo: La mayoría de enfermos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se controla en atención primaria de salud (APS). La atención y educación proporcionadas por enfermería son clave para controlar la glucemia y prevenir las complicaciones macro y microangiopáticas de la DM. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la proporción de carga asistencial atribuible a la DM en consultas de enfermería de APS. Material y método: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Durante 2 semanas consecutivas se registraron datos de todos los enfermos que acudieron a 15 consultas de enfermería de APS ubicadas en 14 Áreas Básicas de Salud (ABS) de la provincia de Barcelona. Las variables de estudio fueron: edad, sexo, situación laboral, motivo de consulta, duración de la visita, presencia de DM y, en los enfermos diabéticos, el tipo de tratamiento. La recogida de datos se realizó en 2 períodos. El primero entre noviembre del año 2003 y enero del 2004 y el segundo en abril de 2005. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de estas variables con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y la asociación entre variables mediante el programa SPSS v.11.1. Resultados: Tenía DM el 29% de los pacientes. La DM es el primer motivo de consulta (29,1%), aumenta con la edad y llega al 40% en mayores de 65 años. La duración media de una visita por DM es de 14,59 min, un 30,8% más elevada que la duración media del resto de los problemas de salud. Globalmente, las mujeres consultan más que los varones (56,6%) excepto en DM, curas y hábito tabáquico. Conclusiones: La DM es el problema de salud que genera más demanda y consume más tiempo de enfermería en la APS. Esta realidad y el futuro que se prevé con relación al incremento de la prevalencia de DM exigen considerar nuevas estrategias organizativas y formativas, y establecer criterios para mejorar la gestión de recursos y promover estrategias educativas más efectivas (AU)
Objective: Most patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) are followed-up in primary care (PC). The healthcare and education provided by nurses are crucial to glycemic control and the prevention of macro- and microangiopathic complications. The aim of this study was to determine the workload generated by DM2 in PC nurse consultations. Material and method: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted. For 2 consecutive weeks, data were registered from all patients attending 15 PC nurse consultations located in 14 basic health areas in Barcelona. The variables studied were age, gender, employment, reason for consultation, duration of the visit, and the presence or absence of DM2; among patients with DM2, the type of treatment was recorded. Data collection was performed in 2 periods: from November, 2003 to January, 2004 and in April, 2005. A descriptive analysis of these variables was carried out at a 95% confidence interval, and associations among variables were studied using the statistical software program SPSS v. 11.1. Results: Twenty-nine percent of the patients had DM2. DM2 was the main reason for consultation (29.1%) and increased with age, reaching a prevalence of 40% among patients over 65 years of age. The mean duration of the visit was 14.59 minutes, representing a 30.8% increase over the mean duration of visits for other reasons. Overall, women consulted more often than men (56.6%), except for DM2, topical treatments, and smoking-related issues. Conclusions: DM2 is the health issue generating the greatest demand and requiring the highest proportion of nurses' time in PC. In view of these findings and the expected increase in the prevalence of DM2, new organizational and educational strategies should be considered. In addition, criteria to improve resource management and foster more effective educational strategies should be established (AU)
