The Local Agenda 21 planning guide: an introduction to sustainable development planning

Forma variada do título "Agenda 21". "In June 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development adopted Agenda 21, the global action plan for sustainable development"(AU)

Report on iron nutritional status and nutritional anemia in Jamaica

Iron nutitional status This has been the first study of the iron nutritional status in Jamaica. There were 5509 participants: 2716 females who were not pregnant or lactating (NPNL), and 2334 males, aged 0 to 19 years; and 209 pregnant and 250 lactating women. 65 percent of the boys and 37 percent of the girls aged 2-4 years, and 25 percent of the 15-19 year-old NPNL females, were iron deficient (iron stores 0 mg or less). The prevalence of iron deficiency in other males and NPNL females varied between 13 percent and 15 percent. The prevalence of iron deficiency among pregnant and lactating women was 53 percent and 34 percent, respectively. The iron deficiency was due partly to insufficient dietary intake: this was less than the recommended daily allowance in 47 percent to 45 percent of the participants in these groups. This was exacerbated by increased demands: increased growth rate in children less than 5 years old; menstrural loss and increased growth in 15-19 year-old girls; and repeated pregnancies in pregnant and lactating women. Nearly 30 percent of the pregnant and lactating women were in the 15-19 year-old age group. None of the children less than 5 years old had increased iron stores. There is therefore no contra-indication for iron fortification of foodstuff intended for children in this age group. Increased compliance among pregnant women, and a more intensive iron supplementation for lactating women, should result in a decrease in the prevalence of iron deficiency in thses groups. Further intensification of the public education campaigns on nutritional requirements is also required, directed particularly at girls in the 15-19 year-old age group. Determination of the iron nutritional status has provided the baseline data necessary for assessing the efficacy of these approaches. Ascariasis, trichiuriasis, giardiasis and hookworm infection were detected in 9.4 percent, 12.3 percent, 6.4 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively, of the study group. However, there was no correlation between the presence or absence of infection and the prevalence of anemia or of iron deficiency. this is probably because the parasite load is light in nealy all cases. Vitamin B12 and folate. Subnormal red cell dolate concentrations (less than 150 ug/L) were anemic. This group included 6 (1.7 percent) whose folate concentrations were less than 100 ug/L. Further study, including detemination of the normal reference range for red cell folate concentrations, is necessary in order to define the role of folate deficiency in causing anemia in Jamaica (Summary)