Hypoglycemic hemiplegia in an adolescent with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a case report and a review of the literature.

A case of hypoglycemic hemiparesis in a fifteen-year-old girl with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is described. The initial presentation included left facial paresis and muscular weakness of the left upper and lower extremities, associated with a blood glucose level of 31 mg/dL. The patient recovered completely after a glucose infusion. Her neurological examination became normal within 24 hours and remained so for a follow-up period of 6 months. Hypoglycemic hemiparesis is rarely described in children and adolescents.

More on human immunodeficiency virus embryopathy.

Eight patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex, ranging in age from 4 to 33 months, were evaluated for the presence of dysmorphic features recently described as human immunodeficiency virus embryopathy. Birth data and growth charts were available. Growth failure, a prominent box-like head, large wide eyes, and a well-formed philtrum were seen in the majority of patients. The significance of hypertelorism, obliquity of eyes, long palpebral fissures, blue scleras, depressed bridge of nose, and prominent upper vermilion border is discussed.

Fetal alcohol syndrome associated with trisomy 21.

Five cases of Down syndrome in association with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are described. Four of the babies were full term, one was premature. Phenotypically these babies (3M:2F) had manifestations of both Down syndrome and FAS; growth deficiency was more pronounced than is expected in Down syndrome. All measurements, birth weight, length and head circumference were below -2 SD. All had congenital heart disease. Chromosome analysis confirmed 21 trisomy in every case. Down syndrome and FAS may occur together, at random, in 1 in 525,0000 newborns in United States but 1 in 200,000 in our institution. Estimated incidence of FAS and Down syndrome in our institution was 1 in 6,600, a 30-fold increase over the chance occurrence of these two conditions together. Mean age of mothers at delivery was 29.6 +/- 9.3, statistically similar to the mean ages of mothers who delivered Down syndrome and FAS babies in our two hospitals, but was significantly higher than the mean age of mothers in our general population (p less than 0.001). All study cases had chronic alcoholic mothers as well as maternal grandmothers, suggesting that there is an increased incidence of trisomy 21 in children of second generation of alcoholic mothers.

The influence of socioeconomic factors on the occurrence of fetal alcohol syndrome.

This study was designed to compare manifestations of FAS in the offspring of lower and upper middle class chronic alcoholic mothers, and to compare these offspring with those of nonalcoholic controls. There was highly significant difference in the incidence of FAS offspring between upper middle and lower class alcoholic mothers, 4.5% versus 70.9% respectively. Mean weight, length, and head circumference at birth in children of upper middle class alcoholic women was -ISD, those of lower class alcoholic women fell into -2SD. All other parameters, congenital malformation rate, failure to thrive, mental retardation were also significantly greater in children of lower class alcoholic women (p less than or equal to .01). Attention deficit disorder was found in 21% of upper middle class offspring of alcoholic women as compared to 71% in the children of the lower socioeconomic group (p less than or equal to .01).

Leukocyte and neutrophil counts in healthy Puerto Rican children and children with acute appendicitis.

Blood counts were performed on 107 healthy Puerto Rican children aged 1 to 5 years to establish normal ranges of leukocyte and neutrophil counts and were compared with preoperative counts in 30 Puerto Rican children with acute appendicitis and also with values published in healthy black and white children of the same age. In healthy Puerto Rican patients and in patients with acute appendicitis, the mean leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher than in blacks.

Incidence of major congenital malformations in offspring of alcoholics and polydrug abusers.

The incidence of major congenital malformations was compared in the offspring of mothers who abused alcohol only (group I), versus mothers who abused alcohol and opiates (group II) during pregnancy. In group I the percent of patients with malformations was 33, where as in group II it was 14. The prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome was higher in blacks than Hispanics. Independent of race the alcohol-opiate combination seems less teratogenic to the fetus than alcohol alone.

Palpebral fissure length in black and Hispanic children: correlation with head circumference.

Palpebral fissure length and head circumference were measured in 170 black and 170 Hispanic normal children aged 1 month to 16 years. Eye measurement values were compared with those for white children. It was found that black children have longer palpebral fissures than whites and in certain age groups, than Hispanics. A statistically significant correlation between palpebral fissure length and head circumference was established in black children.

Papular acrodermatitis with Epstein-Barr virus infection.

A case of papular acrodermatitis (PAC) associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection occurred in a 9-month-old child. Current knowledge of the possible role of various viral antigens in PAC is discussed.

Symptoms of neonatal ethanol withdrawal.

Neonatal withdrawal symptoms in 15 cases of fetal alcohol syndrome with maternal intoxication at time of delivery, reported in 9 studies, are compared with symptoms reported in 138 cases of neonatal narcotic withdrawal. Seen frequently in ethanol but rarely in narcotic withdrawal are abdominal distention and opisthotonos. Seen frequently in narcotic but rarely in ethanol withdrawal are high pitch cry, frequent yawning, excessive sucking, mottling of the skin, excoriation, nasal stuffiness, excess sweating, sleeplessness and diarrhea. Seen frequently in both are increased muscle tonicity and tremors; however, convulsions are rare in narcotic yet are fairly frequent in neonatal ethanol withdrawal.