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2.
Neurogastroenterol Motil ; 23(7): 666-e278, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21410601

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study is to examine the role of NO synthase (NOS) expression in the distal colon of neonatal maternal separation (NMS) model rats employed in IBS studies. METHODS: Male neonates of Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into NMS and normal control (N) groups. Rats of NMS group were subjected to 3 h daily maternal separation on postnatal day 2-21. Rats were administrated non-selective NOS inhibitor l-NAME (100 mg kg(-1) ), selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor 7-NINA (10mgkg(-1) ), selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS) inhibitor (10mgkg(-1) ) or Vehicle (Veh; distilled water) intraperitoneally 1h prior to the experiment for the test and control groups, respectively. KEY RESULTS: The amount of NO was significantly higher in the NMS Veh rats compared with unseparated N rats. Western-blotting and real-time quantitative PCR studies showed that protein and mRNA expression of nNOS were higher in the NMS group than that in the N rats; whereas no significant change in iNOS and eNOS was found in either groups. Neonatal maternal separation Veh rats showed low pain threshold and increased electromyogram (EMG) activity in response to colonic distension stimuli. l-NAME and 7-Nitroindazole monosodium salt (7-NINA) increased pain threshold pressure and attenuated EMG activity in the NMS rats. In addition, l-NAME and 7-NINA substantially reduced oxidative marker malondialdehyde level in NMS rats. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: Neonatal maternal separation increased the NO generation by nNOS upregulation that interact with reactive oxygen species contributing to the visceral hypersensitivity in IBS.


Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Colo/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Colo/fisiopatologia , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Materno/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo I/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eletromiografia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Indazóis/farmacologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/fisiopatologia , Masculino , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo I/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo I/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
3.
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg ; 61(12): 1524-7, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17686669

RESUMO

SUMMARY: An easy pedicle vascular bone graft technique for the management of nonunion of humeral shaft fracture is described. The distal and lateral part of the humerus, including the lateral epicondyle, is transferred to the nonunion site of the humerus. This vascular bone graft is based on the accessory radial collateral artery. It promotes healing of the nonunion.


Assuntos
Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas , Fraturas não Consolidadas/cirurgia , Fraturas do Úmero/cirurgia , Idoso , Fraturas não Consolidadas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Fraturas do Úmero/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Artéria Radial/anatomia & histologia , Radiografia , Reoperação/métodos
4.
J Hand Surg Eur Vol ; 32(6): 647-8, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17993425

RESUMO

A rare case of trans-triquetral dorsal perilunate dislocation is described. It differs from the Mayfield and Johnson theory of progressive perilunar instability in greater arc injuries which states that the injury passes from the radial to the ulnar carpal bones and soft tissues in stages. This injury supports the concept of a reverse greater arc injury from ulnar to radial being possible with the radial carpal bones being spared in some cases.


Assuntos
Fios Ortopédicos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Fraturas Ósseas/cirurgia , Instabilidade Articular/cirurgia , Osso Semilunar/lesões , Piramidal/lesões , Traumatismos do Punho/cirurgia , Adulto , Seguimentos , Consolidação da Fratura/fisiologia , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Instabilidade Articular/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso Semilunar/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso Semilunar/cirurgia , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Piramidal/diagnóstico por imagem , Piramidal/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Punho/diagnóstico por imagem
5.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg ; 125(5): 298-303, 2005 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15821898

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A new mechanism of injury of the forearm bones, crisscross injury, is described. It is more common than the Essex-Lopresti fracture dislocation. The old concept of isolated injury of one side of the radioulnar joint may be challenged. It often occurs in Mason type II fracture dislocation of the radial head or dislocation of radioulnar joints. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first part was a cadaveric study of the crisscross injury of forearms. The second part was a clinical study of the crisscross injury in some cases of Mason type II fracture radial head and double dislocation of the radioulnar joint. RESULTS: The cadaveric study confirmed a stable crisscross fracture dislocation injury with intact interosseous membrane. The clinical study echoed the presence of this injury by imaging techniques. CONCLUSION: The crisscross injury mechanism explains the mirror pathogenesis of the traumatic fracture dislocation of the distal and proximal radioulnar joints with intact shaft of the radius and ulna. Co-existing subluxation or dislocation of the other radioulnar articulation must not be overlooked in cases of fracture dislocation of one radioulnar joint. Two types of crisscross injury of forearm bones are proposed.


Assuntos
Traumatismos do Antebraço/fisiopatologia , Luxações Articulares/fisiopatologia , Fraturas do Rádio/fisiopatologia , Fraturas da Ulna/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Cadáver , Feminino , Traumatismos do Antebraço/etiologia , Humanos , Luxações Articulares/etiologia , Masculino , Fraturas do Rádio/etiologia , Fraturas da Ulna/etiologia
6.
Hong Kong Med J ; 10(5): 312-8, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15479959

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a short-stay in-patient rehabilitation programme. DESIGN: Prospective case-control cohort study. SETTING: Regional medical centre, Hong Kong. PATIENTS: One hundred and thirty symptomatic elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who had been treated for an acute respiratory illness in 1998. They were divided into two groups: the conventional treatment group, which received no rehabilitation (n=65), and the rehabilitation group (n=65). INTERVENTION: A short-stay in-patient rehabilitation programme was implemented, which included assessment, patient and caregiver education, an exercise regimen, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and case conference. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay, hospital re-admission rate, and admission-free interval. RESULTS: The mean length of stay in the rehabilitation ward was 6.2 days. The rate of hospital re-admission was significantly higher in the conventional treatment group than in the rehabilitation group, both within 28 days of discharge home (relative risk=3.33; 95% confidence interval, 2.32-4.56; P=0.019) and at 100 days after discharge (relative risk=2.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.78-3.48; P<0.001). The admission-free interval was significantly longer in the rehabilitation group than in the conventional treatment group (1.13 years vs 0.86 years; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: A short-stay in-patient rehabilitation programme is effective in reducing hospital re-admission rates. This type of rehabilitation service may be important for elderly patients, as well as for patients with more advanced disease and more functional deficits than others.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/reabilitação , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos
7.
J Mol Endocrinol ; 31(3): 563-71, 2003 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14664716

RESUMO

Previous studies have shown that the expression of the major components from a local pancreatic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was upregulated after chronic exposure to oxygen deprivation (10% oxygen). In the present study, the reversibility of expression for the pancreatic RAS affected by chronic hypoxia was investigated in the pancreas. Rats were first subject to hypoxia for one Month and they were then returned to normoxic conditions for a varying period of time (1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks). The degree of recovery in the expression of RAS components was analyzed with standard curve-quantitative competitive-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (SC-QC-RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and a specific assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. Results from SC-QC-RT-PCR showed that the upregulated expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor mRNA following chronic hypoxia could be completely restored to the control level after the rats were returned to the normoxic condition for 3 weeks. The reversibility of mRNA expression for angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor and angiotensinogen was observed after the return to normoxic conditions for 2 and 3 weeks respectively when compared with that of their respective controls. Results from Western blot analysis further confirmed that the expression of AT(1) receptor protein was also reversible after return to normoxic conditions for 4 weeks. In addition, the activation of ACE activity returned to its normal level in a time-dependent manner. These data indicate that the upregulation of a local pancreatic RAS affected by chronic hypoxia could be recoverable. The significance of its reversibility and adaptability following chronic hypoxia may be of physiological relevance to the pancreas.


Assuntos
Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Receptor Tipo 2 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia , Angiotensinogênio/metabolismo , Animais , Hipóxia Celular , Primers do DNA/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Regulação para Cima/fisiologia
8.
Hong Kong Med J ; 9(3): 214-6, 2003 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12777660

RESUMO

A complicated case of ipsilateral fractures of the left femur and tibia after a road traffic accident is reported. The patient presented with numbness of the first web of his left foot and contracture of the extensor hallucis longus muscle, with fixed length deformity after intramedullary nailing of the femur and tibia. The extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior muscles were spared. Tinel's sign could be elicited at the mid-portion of the anterior compartment of the injured leg. This indicated that the distal half of the anterior tibial nerve (deep peroneal nerve), together with the extensor hallucis muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg, had been damaged. The subsequent management of this patient is described.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Síndrome do Compartimento Anterior/etiologia , Fraturas do Fêmur/complicações , Traumatismo Múltiplo/complicações , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Fraturas da Tíbia/complicações , Nervo Tibial/lesões , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino
9.
Br J Plast Surg ; 55(4): 353-5, 2002 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12160544

RESUMO

A 71-year-old man who presented with chronic erosion of a digit by an ornamental ring is reported. The literature is reviewed; and the epidemiology, risk factors, staging, treatment and outcome are discussed.


Assuntos
Traumatismos dos Dedos/etiologia , Dedos , Corpos Estranhos/complicações , Idoso , Traumatismos dos Dedos/patologia , Traumatismos dos Dedos/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico
10.
Pancreatology ; 2(1): 34-9, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12120004

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Our recent study has shown that chronic hypoxia could upregulate significantly a local renin-angiotensin system in the pancreas. The activation of such a local renin-angiotensin system may provide an alternate mechanism that leads to the generation of reactive radical species in the pancreas during chronically hypoxic exposure. The present study aims at elucidating the antioxidant status in the pancreas during varying degrees of chronic hypoxia. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to an isobaric hypoxic (10% oxygen) chamber for a period up to 28 days. The glutathione status and membrane integrity of the pancreas were studied with a time course of chronic hypoxia (3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The effect of chronic hypoxia on changes of oxidative states in the pancreas was assessed based on the measurements of glutathione, malondialdehyde, alpha-amylase and DNA fragmentation using biochemical assays. RESULTS: Pancreatic glutathione was decreased drastically after 3-day hypoxia and its level was almost completely recovered after 7-day hypoxia. Malondialdehyde was not affected while DNA fragmentation was increased significantly in a time-dependent manner during the course of chronic hypoxia. Membrane integrity of the pancreatic cells was improved, as evidenced by the decrease of plasma alpha-amylase during the time-course study of chronic hypoxia. CONCLUSION: Pancreatic glutathione was depleted only in the early period of chronic hypoxia followed by a rapid recovery, suggesting that adaptive response of the pancreas may occur during chronic hypoxia. The enhancement of glutathione-dependent antioxidant capacity during chronic hypoxia prevented oxidative damage to the membrane of the pancreatic cells.


Assuntos
Glutationa/metabolismo , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Amilases/metabolismo , Animais , Membrana Celular/patologia , Doença Crônica , Fragmentação do DNA , Hipóxia/patologia , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Pâncreas/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
11.
J Hand Surg Am ; 26(5): 893-900, 2001 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11561243

RESUMO

A simple, minimally invasive trephine bone grafting technique for the treatment of scaphoid fracture nonunions is described. The method has a short surgical time, good results, and minimal donor site morbidity.


Assuntos
Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Fraturas não Consolidadas/cirurgia , Osso Escafoide/lesões , Adolescente , Adulto , Fraturas não Consolidadas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Osso Escafoide/diagnóstico por imagem
12.
Cell Stress Chaperones ; 6(1): 44-8, 2001 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11525242

RESUMO

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) could cause apoptosis in hepatic tissue of D-galactosamine sensitized mice, as evidenced by the increase in the extent of DNA fragmentation. The hepatic apoptosis induced by TNFalpha was associated with hepatocellular damage as assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase activity. Schisandrin B (Sch B) pretreatment at daily doses ranging from 0.5 to 2 mmol/kg for 3 days caused a dose-dependent protection against TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in mice. The hepatoprotection was accompanied by a parallel reduction in the extent of hepatocellular damage. The same Sch B pretreatment regimens increased hepatic Hsp70 level in a dose-dependent manner. The relevance of Sch B-induced increase in Hsp70 expression to the prevention of TNFalpha-triggered hepatic apoptosis remains to be elucidated.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/biossíntese , Lignanas , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Western Blotting , Ciclo-Octanos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/análise , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Hepatopatias/metabolismo , Hepatopatias/patologia , Camundongos , Compostos Policíclicos/química
13.
JOP ; 2(1): 16-25, 2001 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11862018

RESUMO

The renin-angiotensin system has long been recognized as crucial factor in the regulation of the systemic blood pressure and renal electrolyte homeostasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of a local renin-angiotensin system in a variety of organs. A recent study of the pancreatic renin-angiotensin system showed that chronic hypoxia significantly increased the mRNA expression for angiotensinogen II receptor subtypes AT1b and AT2. The activation of the renin-angiotensin system may play an important role in cellular pathophysiological processes. Angiotensin II enhances the formation of reactive oxygen species via the activation of xanthine oxidase or NAD(P)H oxidase. The reactive oxygen species can cause oxidative damage in the pancreas and other tissues either directly or indirectly via the formation of other radicals such as reactive nitrogen species. Rhodiola therapy may protect hypoxia-induced pancreatic injury in two ways. It prevents hypoxia-induced biological changes by increasing intracellular oxygen diffusion and efficiency of oxygen utilization. Alternatively, it reduces hypoxia-induced oxidative damage by its antioxidant activities. Additional experimental data are required to fully elucidate the mode of action of this herbal drug.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Hipóxia/prevenção & controle , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Pâncreas/patologia , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia , Rhodiola , Animais , Humanos , Especificidade de Órgãos , Pâncreas/fisiopatologia , Fitoterapia/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos
14.
Mol Cell Biochem ; 208(1-2): 151-5, 2000 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10939639

RESUMO

Pretreating mice with schisandrin B (Sch B), a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, at a daily dose of 1 mmol/kg for 3 days protected against menadione-induced hepatic oxidative damage in mice, as evidenced by decreases in plasma alanine aminotransferase activity (78%) and hepatic malondialdehyde level (70%), when compared with the menadione intoxicated control. In order to define the biochemical mechanism involved in the hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment, we examined the activity of DT-diaphorase (DTD) in hepatocytes isolated from Sch B pretreated rats. Hepatocytes isolated from Sch B pretreated (a daily dose of 1 mmol/kg for 3 days) rats showed a significant increase (25%) in DTD activity. The increase in DTD activity was associated with the enhanced rate of menadione elimination in the hepatocyte culture. The ensemble of results suggests that the ability of Sch B pretreatment to enhance hepatocellular DTD activity may at least in part be attributed to the protection against menadione hepatotoxicity.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Hepatócitos/enzimologia , Lignanas , Fígado/enzimologia , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/metabolismo , Compostos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Vitamina K/toxicidade , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Ciclo-Octanos , Ativação Enzimática , Feminino , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estrutura Molecular , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
15.
Mol Cell Biochem ; 205(1-2): 111-4, 2000 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10821428

RESUMO

The effects of schisandrin B (Sch B), a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB), a synthetic intermediate of schisandrin C (also a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative), on hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status in control and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated mice were examined. Treating mice with Sch B or DDB at a daily oral dose of 1 mmol/kg for 3 d did not produce any significant alterations in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and sorbital dehydrogenase (SDH) activities. CCl4 treatment caused drastic increases in both plasma ALT and SDH activities in mice. Pretreating mice with Sch B or DDB at the same dosage regimen significantly suppressed the CCl4-induced increase in plasma ALT activity, with the inhibitory effect of Sch B being much more potent. Sch B, but not DDB, pretreatment could also decrease the plasma SDH activity in CCl4-intoxicated mice. The lowering of plasma SDH activity, indicative of hepatoprotection against CCl4 toxicity, by Sch B pretreatment was associated with an enhancement in hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status as well as an increase in mitochondrial glutathione reductase (mtGRD) activity in both non-CCl4 and CCl4-treated mice. DDB pretreatment, though enhancing both hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status and mtGRD activity in control animals, did not produce any beneficial effect in CCl4-treated mice. The difference in hepatoprotective action against CCl4 toxicity between Sch B and DDB may therefore be related to their ability to maintain hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status under oxidative stress condition.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/farmacologia , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Lignanas , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/metabolismo , Ciclo-Octanos , Feminino , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/química , Inseticidas/química , L-Iditol 2-Desidrogenase/sangue , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Policíclicos/química
16.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry ; 15(12): 1120-4, 2000 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11180468

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: For depression in institutionalised elders with visual impairment, there is a lack of information in the literature. A panel study was performed: (1) to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, and (2) to investigate the risk factors of depression. METHOD: Residents of a nursing home for the aged blind were recruited. Measurements included: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Snellen Eye Chart, age, duration of institutionalisation, duration of impaired vision, and functional ability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of participants who scored GDS> or =6/15 was 45.2%. The rate of depression among visually impaired nursing home residents is higher compared to other populations reported. The depressed participants had significantly shorter duration of institutionalisation (3.4 years vs 7.1 years, rank-sum, p=0.007) and lower functional ability (Barthel Index 60.7/100 vs 85.6/100, rank-sum, p=0.002) as compared to the non-depressed. No significant difference was found in age and length of impaired vision. A logistic regression model predicting depressive symptoms found that the duration of institutionalisation (odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.59-0.94), and functional ability (odds ratio 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.92-0.99), were independently and inversely associated with depressive mood after controlling for age and duration of blindness. The effects of blindness and living in a long-term care institution were identified. Recommendations on screening and management of depression were provided.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Casas de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos da Visão/psicologia , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Transtorno Depressivo/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Institucionalização , Masculino , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos da Visão/complicações
17.
Crit Care Med ; 27(11): 2351-7, 1999 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10579247

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To study the outcomes of elderly patients in a high-dependency care unit and to evaluate the costs and benefits of a geriatric high-dependency unit (GHDU). DESIGN: Prospective data collection and analysis. SETTING: Geriatric high-dependency unit. PATIENTS: One hundred fifty patients > or =70 yrs of age who had been admitted to the GHDU over a 10-month period were investigated during their treatment and rehabilitation. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: The patients' Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores and Simplified Acute Physiology Scores (SAPS) were recorded. The APACHE II scores and SAPSs provided a close correlation with the patients' mortality (correlation coefficients were 0.97 and 0.92, respectively). The SAPS proved to have a better linear relationship with the elderly patients' mortality in comparison with APACHE II scores. Most of the elderly patients included in the study were suffering from multiple premorbid medical problems. Overall, the mortality rate up to 1 month after discharge from the hospital was 48%. For patients ranging in age from 70 to 84 yrs, the 1-month mortality was 39.6%; however, for patients > or =85 yrs of age, the 1-month mortality was 68.1%. The mortality ratio was 0.96 (for all patients), 0.88 (for those ages 70-84 yrs), and 1.05 (for those age 85 yrs and above). For patients with nil organ system failure, the mortality rate was 32%. For patients with one organ system failure, the mortality increased to 48%. For patients with two organ system failures, the mortality rate was 86%. Survival for patients with three or more organ system failures was unprecedented. Survivors and nonsurvivors were compared. Three poor-prognosis groups were identified: group 1, patients who had received preadmission cardiopulmonary resuscitation; group 2, patients with a recent history of malignant diseases; and group 3, patients who had been mechanically ventilated. All three groups had a significantly higher mortality than those without these factors (p<.05). Patients in the 85 yrs and above group had a significantly higher mortality rate than those in the 70- to 84-yr age group (p<.05). Patients with SAPS and APACHE II scores >20 and >30, respectively, had a poor prognosis. The geriatric outcome scoring system (GOSS) was used as the functional outcome test for the survivors. The GOSS has three components: activities of daily living, mobility status, and social condition. At 1 month after discharge, 66.7% of the survivors returned to their premorbid activities of daily living abilities, 79.5% maintained their mobility status, and 91.7% remained at the same social environment. No survivors deteriorated more than one grade in any of the three components measured by the GOSS. The severity-of-illness scores, percentage of mechanical ventilation utilization, mortality rate, length of GHDU stay, and total hospital stay were comparable with those of other intensive care units (ICUs). The cost of 1 GHDU bed-day was equivalent to 24% of 1 ICU bed-day. CONCLUSION: The prognostic information that we gathered from an unselected group of critically ill elderly patients is useful. The GHDU achieved treatment results similar to those achieved by an ICU and is therefore seen as an innovative way of treating critically ill elderly patients. High-dependency care for the elderly patient is worthwhile.


Assuntos
Estado Terminal/terapia , Avaliação Geriátrica , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/normas , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/normas , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , APACHE , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Custos e Análise de Custo , Estado Terminal/economia , Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Feminino , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/economia , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/economia , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida
18.
Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao ; 19(4): 313-6, 1998 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10375774

RESUMO

AIM: To explore whether the methylenedioxy group and cyclooctadiene ring of the dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton of schisandrins (Sch) play a role in the liver mitochondrial glutathione status enhancing activity. METHOD: The effects of three dibenzocyclooctadiene derivatives, Sch A, Sch B, Sch C, and a synthetic intermediate of Sch C, (dimethyl biphenyl dicarboxylate, DBD) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-hepatotoxicity and liver mitochondrial glutathione status were examined in mice. RESULTS: Pretreating mice with intragastric Sch B, Sch C, or DBD 1.mmol.kg-1.d-1 for 3 d protected against CCl4-hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B or Sch C pretreatment was associated with increases in liver mitochondrial reduced glutathione (mtGSH) level and glutathione reductase (mtGRD) activity, an indication of enhanced mitochondrial glutathione status. In contrast, the hepatoprotective action of DBD was not accompanied by any detectable changes in mtGSH level and mtGRD activity. CONCLUSION: Both the methylenedioxy group and the cyclooctadiene ring of the dibenzocyclooctadiene molecule are important structural determinants in the enhancement of liver mitochondrial glutathione status.


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Ciclo-Octanos , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Lignanas/farmacologia , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Compostos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Animais , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Dioxóis/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Feminino , Lignanas/química , Lignanas/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Compostos Policíclicos/química , Compostos Policíclicos/isolamento & purificação , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
19.
Biochem Pharmacol ; 54(2): 317-9, 1997 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9271337

RESUMO

As a preliminary approach to exploring whether the methylenedioxy group of the dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton of schisandrins plays an important role in hepatic mitochondrial-reduced glutathione (GSH) stimulatory activity, we examined the effects of three schisandrins, namely schisandrin A (Sch A), schisandrin B (Sch B), and schisandrin C (Sch C), on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity and hepatic mitochondrial GSH status in mice. Pretreating mice with Sch A at a daily oral dose of 1 mmol/kg for 3 days did not protect against CCl4 hepatotoxicity, whereas pretreatment with Sch B or Sch C at the same dosage regimen produced almost complete protection. The hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B or Sch C pretreatment was associated with significant increases in the hepatic mitochondrial GSH level and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) activity. Our results indicate that the methylenedioxy group of the dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton of schisandrin is an important structural determinant in the stimulation of hepatic mitochondrial GSH, particularly under conditions of CCl4 intoxication.


Assuntos
Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Ciclo-Octanos , Lignanas , Compostos Policíclicos/administração & dosagem , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/sangue , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Glutationa/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Compostos Policíclicos/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
20.
Biochem Pharmacol ; 52(11): 1687-93, 1996 Dec 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8986130

RESUMO

A comparison between the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) treatments on hepatic antioxidant status was made to identify the critical antioxidant action of Sch B involved in hepatoprotection in mice. Whereas Sch B treatment (3 mmol/kg/day x 3, p.o.) increased the hepatic mitochondrial-reduced glutathione (GSH) level, BHT treatment at the same dosage regimen decreased it. However, both Sch B and BHT increased, albeit to a different extent, the activity of mitochondrial glutathione reductase. The differential effect of Sch B and BHT treatment on hepatic mitochondrial glutathione status became more apparent after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) challenge. Pretreatment with Sch B could sustain the hepatic mitochondrial GSH level in CCl4-intoxicated mice and protect against CCl4 hepatotoxicity. BHT pretreatment did not produce any protective effect on CCl4-induced GSH depletion in mitochondrion and hepatocellular damage. Although both Sch B and BHT treatments increased hepatic ascorbic acid (VC) level in control animals, only Sch B pretreatment sustained a high hepatic VC level in CCl4-intoxicated mice. Moreover, Sch B pretreatment prevented the CCl4-induced decrease in the hepatic alpha-tocopherol (VE) level. However, Sch B inhibited NADPH oxidation in mouse liver microsomes incubated with CCl4 in vitro, whereas BHT stimulated this oxidation. The ensemble of results suggests that the ability to sustain the hepatic mitochondrial GSH level and the hepatic VC and VE levels may represent the crucial antioxidant action of Sch B in protection against CCl4 hepatotoxicity. The possible inhibition of CCl4 metabolism by Sch B may also contribute to its hepatoprotective action.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/farmacologia , Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Lignanas , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Ciclo-Octanos , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , NADP/metabolismo
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