Perceived exertion, time of immersion and physiological correlates in synchronized swimming.

This study examined the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE, CR-10), heart rate (HR), peak blood lactate (La peak), and immersion (IM) parameters in 17 elite synchronized swimmers performing 30 solo and duet routines during competition. All were video recorded (50 Hz) and an observational instrument was used to time the IM phases. Differences in the measured variables were tested using a linear mixed-effects model. RPE was 7.7 ± 1.1 and did not differ among routines, and neither did any of the HR parameters. There were differences among routines in La peak (F3,7=16.5; P=0.002), number of IM (F3,15=14.0; P<0.001), total time immersed (F3,16=26.6; P<0.001), percentage of time immersed (F3,13=6.5; P=0.007) and number of IM longer than 10 s (F3,19=3.0; P=0.04). RPE correlated positively to HR pre-activation, range of variation and recovery, IM parameters and La peak, and inversely to minimum and mean HR. A hierarchical multiple linear regression (MLR) model (number of IM >10 s, HR recovery, minimum HR, and La peak) explained 62% RPE variance (adj. Rm 2=0.62; P<0.001). A stepwise MLR model (La peak, mean IM time and pre-exercise HR) explained 46% of performance variance (adj. Rm 2=0.46; P<0.001). Findings highlight the psycho-physical stress imposed by the combination of intense dynamic exercise with repeated and prolonged apnea intervals during SS events.

[Assessment of body fat in physically active young people: anthropometry vs bioimpedance]. / Valoración de la grasa corporal en jóvenes físicamente activos: antropometría vs bioimpedancia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of agreement between the anthropometrical method and several bioimpedance (BIA) devices to estimate the fat mass in a group of physically active young people. SUBJECTS: 55 students of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports of the INEFC of Barcelona; 29 men (age: 24.7 +/- 4.7 years; BMI: 23.4 +/- 1.8) and 26 women (age: 22.9 +/- 3.5; BMI: 21.5 +/- 1.9). All of them voluntarily gave their informed consent. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Anthropometrical assessment was done according to the International Society for the Advancement Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol, the fat % was calculated by the Siri's equation and was compared with that obtained by 4 different BIA devices: Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF-521, and Omron BF-300. To assess the level of agreement of the results, the interclass correlation coefficient and the Bland Aldman method were used. RESULTS: The estimated fat mass, in men, by the anthropometrical method was 7 +/- 2.2 kg. The results by the BIA systems were: 7.4 +/- 3 kg; 5.6 +/- 2.2 kg; 5.7 +/- 2.5 kg, and 7.4 +/- 3 kg for Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521, and Omron BF300, respectively. In women, the results were 10.4 +/- 2.7 kg of fat mass by means of the anthropometrical method and 10.3 +/- 2.9 kg, 11 +/- 3.3 kg, 11.5 +/- 3.0 kg, and 10 +/- 2.9 kg for Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521, and Omron BF300, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the male group, the level of agreement between anthropometrics and BIA devices was moderate-poor, whereas in women there was a good correlation between both techniques for estimating the body fat when the Biospace Inbody 720 and Tanita BC400 devices were used.

Valoración de la grasa corporal en jóvenes físicamente activos: antropometría vs bioimpedancia / Assessment of body fat in physically active young people: Anthropometry vs bioimpedance

Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de concordancia entre el método antropométrico y diferentes aparatos de bioimpedancia (BIA) para la estimación de la masa grasa en un grupo de personas jóvenes y físicamente activas. Sujetos: Participaron 55 sujetos estudiantes de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte del INEFC de Barcelona; 29 hombres (edad: 24,7 ± 4,7 años; IMC: 23,4 ± 1,8) y 26 mujeres (edad: 22,9 ± 3,5; IMC: 21,5 ± 1,9). Todos ellos otorgaron voluntariamente su consentimiento informado Material y métodos: La valoración antropométrica se realizó de acuerdo con el protocolo de la International Society for the Advancement Kinanthropometry (ISAK), el % graso fue calculado mediante la ecuación de Siri y se comparó con el obtenido por 4 aparatos BIA diferentes: Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF-521 y Omron BF-300. Para valorar la concordancia de los resultados se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y el método de Bland Aldman. Resultados: La masa grasa estimada, en hombres, mediante el método antropométrico fue de 7 ± 2,2 kg. Los resultados de los sistemas BIA fueron 7,4 ± 3 kg; 5,6 ± 2,2 kg; 5,7 ± 2,5 kg y 7,4 ± 3 kg para los aparatos Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521 y Omron BF300 respectivamente. En las mujeres los resultados fueron 10,4 ± 2,7 kg de masa grasa mediante el método antropométrico y 10,3 ± 2,9 kg; 11 ± 3,3 kg; 11,5 ± 3,0 kg; 10 ± 2,9 kg para los aparatos Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521 y Omron BF300 respectivamente. Conclusiones: En el grupo masculino la concordancia entre la antropometría y los aparatos BIA fue moderadabaja, en cambio en las mujeres se halló una buena concordancia entre las dos técnicas para la estimación de la grasa corporal cuando fueron utilizados los aparatos Biospace Inbody 720 y Tanita BC400 (AU)

Objective: To assess the level of agreement between the anthropometrical method and several bioimpedance (BIA) devices to estimate the fat mass in a group of physically active young people. Subjects: 55 students of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports of the INEFC of Barcelona; 29 men (age: 24.7 ± 4.7 years; BMI: 23.4 ± 1.8) and 26 women (age: 22.9 ± 3.5; BMI: 21.5 ± 1.9). All of them voluntarily gave their informed consent. Materials and method: Anthropometrical assessment was done according to the International Society for the Advancement Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol, the fat % was calculated by the Siri's equation and was compared with that obtained by 4 different BIA devices: Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF-521, and Omron BF-300. To assess the level of agreement of the results, the interclass correlation coefficient and the Bland Aldman method were used. Results: The estimated fat mass, in men, by the anthropometrical method was 7 ± 2.2 kg. The results by the BIA systems were: 7.4 ± 3 kg; 5.6 ± 2.2 kg; 5.7 ± 2.5 kg, and 7.4 ± 3 kg for Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521, and Omron BF300, respectively. In women, the results were 10.4 ± 2.7 kg of fat mass by means of the anthropometrical method and 10.3 ± 2.9 kg, 11 ± 3.3 kg, 11.5 ± 3.0 kg, and 10 ± 2.9 kg for Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521, and Omron BF300, respectively. Conclusions: In the male group, the level of agreement between anthropometrics and BIA devices was moderate-poor, whereas in women there was a good correlation between both techniques for estimating the body fat when the Biospace Inbody 720 and Tanita BC400 devices were used (AU)