Assuntos
Animais de Laboratório , Educação em Veterinária , Medicina Militar/educação , Animais , Currículo , HumanosRESUMO
The history of laboratory animal medicine education and training for uniformed (U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Public Health Service) veterinarians is reviewed from the beginnings in 1961 at the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. Of the 636 currently listed diplomates of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, at least 208 (32.7%) received specialty training or experience in this discipline while on extended active duty in one of the uniformed services. The evolving "climate" has led to the establishment of the most recent program within the uniformed services at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland.
Assuntos
Educação em Veterinária/história , Ciência dos Animais de Laboratório/história , Medicina Militar/história , Animais , História do Século XX , Humanos , Ciência dos Animais de Laboratório/educação , Medicina Militar/educação , Militares , Estados UnidosRESUMO
We are entering an age when advances in biotechnology, greater communication among teams of scientists using multiple model systems, and the power of the computer will dwarf the great advances of the mid-20th century. Advances in medicine rest largely on the use of models of biological systems, including animal models. Model systems used by most biomedical scientists can be considered in four categories: theoretical, in vitro, nonmammalian and mammalian. Each category has advantages and limitations in describing the dynamic milieu of events that characterize human biologic response. Although individual models can be good predictors, multiple models are better than single models; the most critical drawback is lack of human information for comparison. The scientific community must improve the methodologies necessary to extrapolate data from the various model systems to the human, because these model systems are the foundation of discovery in biomedicine and the bedrock upon which to base valid risk assessments. It is vital that we communicate the importance of these techniques to the general public. Advances in science and improved quality of life for the human race depend on these principles.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Neurologia/métodos , Toxicologia/métodos , Animais , Humanos , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The relationship of three variants of hairlessness, or hypotrichosis, in laboratory rats were examined morphologically, genetically and histologically. The results indicated that the recessive gene causing the fuzzy characteristic in Wistar Furth rats and genes responsible for two other hypotrichotic coat variants in albino rats were the same gene or closely linked genes. The genes were in Linkage Group I of the Norway rat and were closely associated with the albino gene (c), with a recombination percentage of approximately 18%. The hypotrichotic animals had fewer and smaller hair follicles, smaller hair shafts, and a reduction of medullated hair shafts.
Assuntos
Albinismo/veterinária , Alopecia/veterinária , Variação Genética , Hipotricose/veterinária , Ratos , Doenças dos Roedores/genética , Albinismo/genética , Albinismo/patologia , Animais , Feminino , Genes Recessivos , Cabelo/patologia , Homozigoto , Hipotricose/genética , Hipotricose/patologia , Masculino , Doenças dos Roedores/patologia , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
A lateral orbitotomy approach was used to surgically expose the optic nerve in the guinea pig. This approach was excellent for experimental access to the optic nerve with minimal trauma to the eye.
