RESUMO
Bites from venomous marine annelid 'bloodworms' (e.g., Glycera spp.) do not appear to have been described in the medical literature despite being seemingly well-known to bait diggers and fishermen. The few laboratory study reports describe their venom composition and physiological effects in vitro to be primarily proteolytic enzymes and neurotoxins apparently used for predation and defense. Herein, we present the report of a symptomatic envenoming suffered by a marine ecologist bitten while performing her field research. The local effects included a rapid onset of pain, swelling, and numbness at the bite site "as if injected with local anesthetic". Additional signs and symptoms appearing over a two-week period were consistent with both delayed venom effects and potentially secondary infection. The late signs and symptoms resolved during a course of antibiotic treatment with doxycycline prescribed as a precaution and lack of resources to consider a wound culture. Comments about annelid bites sporadically appear in the popular literature, especially pertaining to the fishing industry, under names such as 'bait-diggers hand'. While these bites are not known to be dangerously venomous, they seem to produce painful local symptoms and possibly increase the risk of marine bacterial infections that could be associated with more serious outcomes. More cases need to be formally described to better understand the natural history of these types of envenomation.
Assuntos
Poliquetos , Mordeduras de Serpentes , Animais , Antivenenos , Feminino , Neurotoxinas , Mordeduras de Serpentes/terapia , Peçonhas/toxicidadeAssuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium/etiologia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/etiologia , Tatuagem/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções por Mycobacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/microbiologiaAssuntos
Benzazepinas/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/etiologia , Hiperidrose/induzido quimicamente , Agonistas Nicotínicos/efeitos adversos , Parestesia/induzido quimicamente , Quinoxalinas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Toxidermias/tratamento farmacológico , Toxidermias/patologia , Feminino , Pé , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Mãos , Humanos , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , VareniclinaAssuntos
Vitiligo/terapia , Administração Cutânea , Calcitriol/análogos & derivados , Calcitriol/uso terapêutico , Criança , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Quimioterapia Combinada , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Fototerapia/métodos , Tacrolimo/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Vitiligo/diagnóstico , Vitiligo/tratamento farmacológico , Vitiligo/cirurgiaRESUMO
Uninsured patients and those receiving Medicaid make up a smaller fraction of dermatology practices (5%) than would be predicted by their prevalence in the population (27%). We illustrate the ways in which insurance acceptance patterns and practice composition vary by the age, gender, practice type, and geographic location of the dermatologist.
Assuntos
Dermatologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicaid/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas sem Cobertura de Seguro de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Coleta de Dados , Planos de Pagamento por Serviço Prestado/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/economia , Humanos , Cobertura do Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Reembolso de Seguro de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Medicare/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prática Profissional , Área de Atuação Profissional , Fatores Sexuais , Cirurgia Plástica/economia , Cirurgia Plástica/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The mechanical behavior of cartilage is intimately related to its biochemical composition, and tissue composition is known to be influenced by its local mechanical loading environment. Although this phenomenon has been well-studied in adult cartilage, few investigations have examined such structure-function relationships in embryonic cartilage. The goal of this work was to elucidate the role of mechanical loading on the development of cartilage composition during embryogenesis. Using an embryonic chick model, cartilage from the tibiofemoral joints of immobilized embryos was compared to that of controls. The normal time course of changes in glycosaminoglycan/DNA and hydroxyproline/DNA were significantly influenced by loading history, with the most pronounced effects observed between days 9 and 14 during the period of most rapid increase in motility in control embryos. Stress-relaxation tests conducted on samples from day 14 indicate that the effects of embryonic immobilization on cartilage matrix composition have direct consequences for the mechanical behavior of the tissue, resulting in compromised material properties (e.g. 50% reduction in E(inst)). Because embryogenesis provides a unique model for identifying key factors which influence the establishment of functional biomechanical tissues in the skeleton, these data suggest that treating mechanical loading as an in vitro culture variable for tissue engineering approaches to cartilage repair is likely to be a sound approach.