RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) is a national administrative case-mix classification system for acute inpatient care which was launched in Japan in 2003. This system was designed to increase the standardization and transparency of medical information. The system has collected medical information in a unified format nationwide from acute hospitals. Significant parts of the data has been published by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, including average length of hospital stay and number of patients by disease and hospital. This information is valuable for medical consultation in occupational health settings. OBJECTIVES: This article provides an overview of the DPC system and how to utilize the data from the perspective of occupational health practitioners.
Assuntos
Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados/classificação , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Ocupacional , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados/normas , Humanos , Japão , Tempo de Internação , Saúde Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The use of upper gastrointestinal (GI) fiberoptic endoscopy has spread at different times and rates in Japan than in the United States. Factors that explain this disparity and its effects on patient outcomes are reported. This essay outlines Japanese data in gastroenterology, giving an account of the resources and time that were spent on the development of upper GI endoscopy in Japan. It also draws implications for the assessment of endoscopy for populations at high risk for gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Difusão de Inovações , Gastroscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Taxa de Sobrevida , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/deficiência , Hormônio do Crescimento/deficiência , Hipopituitarismo/sangue , Hipófise/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/complicações , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Hipopituitarismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozyme composition in hair roots was determined using isoelectric focusing in 105 healthy individuals, 175 alcoholics, 86 schizophrenics and 47 drug dependents. The incidence of ALDH isozyme I deficiency in healthy populations in Japan was found to be about 40%. Among alcoholics, however, only 2.3% individuals had the isozyme deficiency. There was no difference between normal controls, schizophrenics and drug dependents regarding the incidence of ALDH isozyme I deficiency. These observations indicate a possible protective role of ALDH isozymes against alcoholism. The higher frequency of ALDH isozyme I deficiency in Japanese may explain why alcoholism in Japan has been less frequent than in European and North American countries. ALDH isozyme II was found in most of the tissues and erythrocytes. A higher frequency of individuals possessing lower ALDH activity in hemolysates was observed in alcoholics than that in controls. The activity of acid phosphatase was also reduced in alcoholics. Alcohol abuse might result in disturbed protein synthesis in the erythrocytes.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/genética , Aldeído Oxirredutases/genética , Etnicidade , Variação Genética , Isoenzimas/genética , Fosfatase Ácida/sangue , Alcoolismo/enzimologia , Aldeído Desidrogenase , Aldeído Oxirredutases/sangue , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Cabelo/enzimologia , Humanos , Isoenzimas/sangue , JapãoRESUMO
HLA antigens were typed among 136 Japanese schizophrenics. Increased frequencies were seen in A9 (Aw24), A10 (A26) and Bw54, and decreased frequency in B40 antigens when compared to 187 Japanese controls. It is suggested that there may be an association between A9 (Aw24) and schizophrenia with a chronic-progressive course and also an association between A10 (A26) and hebephrenia.
