A Systematic Review of the Granular Cell Odontogenic Fibroma and Report of a New Case.

BACKGROUND: Granular Cell Odontogenic Fibroma (GCOF) is a rare odontogenic neoplasm reported over time with different names. The purpose of this study is to review all available data on the GCOF in the scientific literature, with a summary of all reported cases and a report of a new case. METHODS: This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was performed up to November 2022. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies reporting fifty-three cases were included. GCOF is a rare neoplasm among the odontogenic tumors, with a higher prevalence in women of the middle-aged and white population. This lesion occurs mostly on the posterior region of the mandible. Furthermore, based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features, conservative treatment was the most reported choice with recurrence reported in two cases. CONCLUSION: GCOF remains controversial due to the still unsolved histogenesis.

International Physical Activity and Built Environment Study of adolescents: IPEN Adolescent design, protocol and measures.

INTRODUCTION: Only international studies can provide the full variability of built environments and accurately estimate effect sizes of relations between contrasting environments and health-related outcomes. The aims of the International Physical Activity and Environment Study of Adolescents (IPEN Adolescent) are to estimate the strength, shape and generalisability of associations of the community environment (geographic information systems (GIS)-based and self-reported) with physical activity and sedentary behaviour (accelerometer-measured and self-reported) and weight status (normal/overweight/obese). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The IPEN Adolescent observational, cross-sectional, multicountry study involves recruiting adolescent participants (ages 11-19 years) and one parent/guardian from neighbourhoods selected to ensure wide variations in walkability and socioeconomic status using common protocols and measures. Fifteen geographically, economically and culturally diverse countries, from six continents, participated: Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hong Kong SAR, India, Israel, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Portugal, Spain and USA. Countries provided survey and accelerometer data (15 countries), GIS data (11), global positioning system data (10), and pedestrian environment audit data (8). A sample of n=6950 (52.6% female; mean age=14.5, SD=1.7) adolescents provided survey data, n=4852 had 4 or more 8+ hours valid days of accelerometer data, and n=5473 had GIS measures. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by waist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers and self-reports, and body mass index was used to categorise weight status. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was received from each study site's Institutional Review Board for their in-country studies. Informed assent by adolescents and consent by parents was obtained for all participants. No personally identifiable information was transferred to the IPEN coordinating centre for pooled datasets. Results will be communicated through standard scientific channels and findings used to advance the science of environmental correlates of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and weight status, with the ultimate goal to stimulate and guide actions to create more activity-supportive environments internationally.

Milk Yield, Milk Composition, and the Nutritive Value of Feed Accessed Varies with Milking Order for Pasture-Based Dairy Cattle.

(1) Background: Pasture varies in its chemical composition from the top of the sward to the base and cattle prefer to eat the leaf fraction. In pasture-based dairy systems, cattle predominantly walk back to pasture voluntarily after each milking, with the first cattle arriving to pasture hours before the last. Here we study the impact of pasture composition according to milking order on milk yield and milk composition for dairy cattle offered grazed ryegrass pasture. (2) Methods: In the first experiment, individual cow milk yield data were recorded on six farms over 8 months. The herd was divided into groups of 50 cows for analysis according to milking order. In the second experiment, the impact of milking order on milk composition and pasture composition accessed was determined in addition to milk yield on three farms. (3) Results: After accounting for age and stage of lactation effects, cattle milked first in experiment 1 produced, on average, 4.5 L/cow/day (+18%; range 14 to 29%) more than cattle milked last. In experiment 2, dairy cattle milked first (first 50 cows) in farm 1 had greater milk, protein, and solids non-fat (SNF) yield; and less lactose content than those milked last (last 50 cows). In farm 2, dairy cattle milked first had greater milk yield, SNF yield, lactose yield, and fat yield; but less protein and SNF content than cattle milked last. In farm 3, cattle milked first produced milk with greater fat and protein content than cattle milked last. In line with these differences in milk yield and composition, the composition of pasture across vertical strata differed, particularly for crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content. Conclusion: This work highlights the opportunity to increase herd nutrient use efficiency for improved milk production through strategic pasture allowance and supplementation strategies.

In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of some synthetic riparin-derived compounds.

This study aimed to study the in vitro antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity on tumor cells lines of six synthetic substances derived from riparins. All the substances showed antioxidant activity and riparins C, D, E, F presented cell growth inhibition rates greater than 70%, suggesting that these molecules have antitumor properties. These substances also caused greater than 80% releases of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH). Although the antioxidant and antitumor properties presented herein require further assessment, the outcomes indicate that these novel riparins are promising biologically active compounds.

Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a serine proteinase from Japanese edible mushroom, Grifola frondosa: solving the structure - function anomaly of a reported aminopeptidase

The N-terminal amino acid sequence of an aminopeptidase from Japanese edible mushroom, Grifola frondosa, was reported to have high similarity with that of a serine proteinase from basidiomycete, Agaricus bisporous (Nishiwaki and Hayashi, 2001). The full-length cDNA and the corresponding genomic DNA of the enzyme were cloned, based on the reported N-terminal amino acid sequence. The predicted open reading frame (ORF) of the cloned cDNA, encoding a product of 379 amino acids, was expressed in E. coli using pET expression vector. The expressed pro-enzyme (40 kDa) underwent autolysis to produce the mature protein (30 kDa) and a pro-peptide (10 kDa). The mature protein and the pro-peptide remained tightly bound to each other and could not be separated by Ni-NTA metal affinity chromatography or Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme was inactive in the bound form. Upon treatment with subtilisin, the bound pro-peptide was further hydrolyzed and a high serine proteinase activity was recovered. No aminopeptidase activity was detected at any stage of the protein processing. These results clearly indicated that the N-terminal amino acid sequence and the function of the reported aminopeptidase were not derived from the same protein entity and hence caused the structure-function anomaly.