[Efficacy of cereton in the acute period of ischemic stroke].

A study included 40 patients with ischemic stroke who were admitted to the hospital not later than 24 h after disease manifestation. All patients received basic therapy. A main group (20 patients) received cereton (choline alfoscerate) as an add-on drug in dosage 1000mg/day intravenous in drops. A comparison analysis was carried out on days 1 and 21 using the following scales: NIHSS, Barthel, Rankin, MMSE, clock drawing test. The rapid regress of neurological deficit (p<0,05), better rehabilitation of cognitive functions (p<0,05) and functional status were found to the 21st day in the main group compared to the control one. No side-effects were observed in patients treated with cereton.

[Clinical and electroneurophysiological characteristics of polysynaptic reflex excitability in headache of tension].

To study polysynaptic reflex excitability in different clinical forms of headache of tension, 187 patients with episodic (135) and chronic (52) forms of the disease were examined. The Visual-Analogue Scale, clinical neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, interference EMC of scalp and cervical muscles, electroneurophysiological study of polysynaptic blinking reflex were used. The increase of polysynaptic reflex excitability, the level of which was correlated with disease severity, was found in patients. This finding characterizes the insufficiency of central inhibition and inefficacy of antinociceptive control. Electroneurophysiological examination of polysynaptic reflexes may be applied as a diagnostic test for assessing severity and prognosis of the course of pathological process in headache of tension.

The history of Kazan neurological school.

The historical prerequisites for the foundation and teaching of neurology at Kazan University are described; the relationship between the history of Kazan Imperial University Kazan medical university and neurology school is shown. Brief biographies of outstanding representatives of Kazan Neuroscience (D.P. Skalozubov, V.M. Bekhterev, L.O. Darkshevich, N.O. Kovalevsky, N.A. Mislavsky, A.V. Kibyakov, A.S. Dogel, A.V. Favorsky, L.I. Omorokov, and Y.Y. Popelyansky) are presented. The description of scientific interests of the Kazan neurological school and its specific features related to the one century period since 1885 are described.

[Clastogenic, aneugenic, pro- and antioxidant properties of some neurotropic preparations].

In experimental and clinical investigations, assessment was made of mutagenous, antimutagenous, pro- and antiradical activity of some neurotropic preparations--cerebrolysin, encephabol (pyritinol), nootropil (piracetam), actovegin and cavinton (vinpocetine). In chemical, fermentative and cellular model systems, cerebrolysin inhibited generation of superoxide anion-radical, nitrogen monoxide and final products of degradation of fatty acids. Other preparations showed both anti- and prooxidant effect. The most pronounced anticlastogenic activity during expriments on C. capillaries had a cerebrolysin. Encephabol had the most prooxidant effect and low anticlastogenic activity. The ability of such preparations as ceredrolysin and encephabol to decrease erythrocyte high level with micronuclei in peripheric blood of patients with infantile cerebral palsy (spastic diplegia) was clinically investigated. The modifying effect of preparations was not univalent: it was cerebrolysin that decreased intensivity of aneu- and clastogenesis in patients in a greater degree than encephabol. A protective effect of these preparations was pronounced on the 10th day in group of the boys, and on the 20th day in the group of the girls.

[Clinical, tomographic and immunogenetic study of patients with infantile cerebral palsy].

A neurovisual and immunogenetic study of patients with different forms of cerebral palsy was conducted. Morphological peculiarities of each form were described. A frequent combination of pathology of cerebrospinal fluid spaces and periventricular area with disruption of neuronal migration and development of brain mass and volume was found. HLA-typing revealed a significant association of the disease with antigen B13. An association of cerebral palsy with particular genetically determined vulnerability of fetal brain to lesions disrupting genetic program for neuroontogenesis is suggested.

[Vestibular vertigo in patients with autonomic crises]. / Vestibuliarnye golovokruzheniia u bol'nykh s vegetativnymi krizami.

The paper presents the results of a comparative study of autonomic homeostasis, vestibular functions, emotional-personal peculiarities and antibodies of histocompatibility in 30 patients with autonomic crises accompanied by vestibular disorders in 15 patients without vestibular disturbances and in 30 normals. Anxious-phobic disorders and the signs of autonomic vestibular disfunction observed were considered in connection with the results of clinico-genealogical analysis and HLA-typing. The suggestion about hereditary-constitutional insufficiency of cerebral autonomic-vestibular structures in such patients is made.

[The genetic aspects of neurogenic syncopes]. / Geneticheskie aspekty nevrogennykh obmorokov.

The authors specified the prevalence of syncopal states in the representative sample of 2309 schoolchildren from the city of Kazan, as well as hereditary factors in the genesis of neurogenic syncopes basing on the clinico-genealogical analysis of 115 families. 91.4% of the syncopal conditions were considered to be neurogenic syncopes (populational frequency is 6.41%) and family disease close by relevant characteristics to multifactorial illnesses with rather high (73.5%) proportion of the genetic factors. When the parents remarried by type patient-to-patient, the segregation rate (0.43) of neurogenic syncopes is close to the expected (0.50) though this does not rule out a dominant model of monogenic affection.

[HLA antigens in persons with a predisposition to frequent sympathetic-adrenal paroxysms]. / Antigeny HLA u lits so sklonnost'iu k chastym simpatiko-adrenalovym paroksizmam.

Comparison of the rate of HLA antigens I in 81 patients with frequently occurring sympathoadrenal paroxysms (SAP) associated with vegetovascular dystonia and 113 healthy subjects revealed the increase of the number of antigen B12 carriers among the patients as compared to the healthy subjects' group. The number of antigens A9, B35 in SAP patients was elevated whereas that of B18, B38 and B40 decreased. SAP related to age-associated hormonal rearrangements were marked by antigens Cw4 and A1, the grave SAP patterns by B12, SAP without nocturnal paroxysms and the early disease onset by the lack of antigen A19. The dominant gene that determines the onset of SAP is localizes in the HLA area. It may be associated with a hypothetical gene analogous to the locus implicated in the determination of the threshold of neuromuscular excitability of rats. It is not excluded that such a relationship is mediated via the blood content of Mg2+.

[Disorders of neurotrophic control during reflex action on the axoplasmic transport]. / Narushenie neirotroficheskogo kontrolia pri reflektornom vozdeistvii na aksoplazmaticheskii transport.

Experimental studies on 66 pubertal rats were carried out to explore the neurotrophic control under the conditions of reflex actions on the axoplasmic transport. Causing blockade of the axoplasmic transport, both experimental reflex actions on the nerve and the cytostatic colchicine result in the removal of the trophic control.

[Psychoautonomic syndrome in non-infectious subfebrile conditions in children]. / Psikhovegetativnyi sindrom pri neinfektsionnykh subfebrilitetakh u detei.

To ascertain the cerebral organization and the importance of its specific levels in the occurrence of the thermopathological syndrome associated with vegetovascular dystonia, 40 children aged 8-15 years with non-infectious subfebrile conditions of long standing were examined. The children's status was marked by polysystemic shifts common to the neurogenous disorders. Of crucial significance was dysfunction of the structures of the suprasegmental level (the limbic-reticular complex) of vegetative regulation with the involvement of the specialized hypothalamic centers of thermoregulation, with excessive sympathetic influences at the periphery and formation of the psychovegetative syndrome. An individual analysis of the psychovegetative syndrome makes it possible to define the contribution of the concrete endo- and exogenous factors to the pathogenesis of non-infectious subfebrile conditions and to develop a differential approach to the treatment.

[The prognosis of the development of autonomic dysfunction in puberty as the source of psychosomatic diseases in adults]. / Prognozirovanie razvitiia vegetativnoi disfunktsii pubertatnogo perioda kak istoka psikhosomaticheskikh zabolevanii vzroslykh.

Comparative study of the incidence of various hereditary, constitutional and environmental factors in two groups of schoolchildren aged 8-18 with (506 subjects) and without (604) clinical signs of autonomic dysregulation yielded a set of indices reliably correlating with the autonomic dysfunction. Sequential statistical analysis after Wald assessed the information value and prognostic thresholds of the indices tabulated as the risk factors for autonomic dysfunction in children and adolescents. The results will be used in regular screening check-ups for the early detection of autonomic dysfunction in children, adolescents and for working out the preventive measures against a number of psychosomatic disorders in adults.

[Characteristics of the psycho-emotional sphere and intellect of schoolchildren with cerebral vegetative-autonomic disorders]. / K kharakteristike psikhoémotsional'noi sfery i intellekta shkol'nikov pri tserebral'nykh vegetativno-sosudistykh narusheniiakh.

Eighty schoolchildren with cerebral vegetative disorders were examined with the help of the tests proposed by A Wexler and modified by Panasyuk. One-third of the examined children showed a neurotic background and a decreased intellectual index associated with the presence of microfocal neurological symptomatology.

[Clinical aspects of vegetative dysregulation during the pubertal period]. / Klinicheskie aspekty vegetativnoi dizreguliatsii pubertatnogo perioda.

A clinico-populational study of the functional status of the vegetative nervous system in 5291 children of the puberal age made it possible, along with the so-called subclinical vegetative lability (a physiological phasic state of the neurovegetative apparatuses during puberty), to identify in 43.9% of cases clinicall manifestations of vegetative disregulation: the syndrome of clinically demonstrable vegetative lability and different syndromes of vegetative dysfunction. The frequency of vegetative disorders was correlated with sex and urban or rural living conditions of patients whereas their intensity largely depended on the level of functional activity of neuroendocrine apparatuses in the period of puberty.