RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective activity of rutin, and its gold nanoparticles (Ru-AuNPs) in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) model in mice. Rutin (25 and 50 mg/kg) and Ru-AuNPs (15 and 25 mg/kg) were administered to the animals for four (4) days with water deprivation for 24 hours followed by 50% glycerol injection at the dose of 10 ml/kg intramuscularly. On the next day, animals were dissected and blood and kidneys were collected. Biochemical investigations were performed to evaluate kidney functions, histological studies were carried out to see the changes at tissue level and real-time RT-PCR studies for nuclear factor-κB p50, NFκB; inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; interleukin-6, IL-6; and kidney injury molecule-1, Kim-1 were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. Blood urea and creatinine were found to be decreased in animals treated with rutin and Ru-AuNPs. Down regulation of the mRNA expressions of iNOS, IL-6 and NFkB p50 and up-regulation of Kim-1 and HO-1 genes were observed. The efficacy of Ru-AuNPs was better than rutin alone even at a dose far less than the compound. Rutin and Ru-AuNPs alleviates kidney injury and inflammation in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI model via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant pathways which make it a plausible compound for future studies.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Receptor Celular 1 do Vírus da Hepatite A/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Rutina/farmacologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ouro/química , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Rabdomiólise/complicações , Rabdomiólise/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine pathogen burden and susceptibility pattern of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens in Karachi. METHODS: It was In-vitro Clinical study, conducted in department of Pharmacology, Ziauddin University, and isolates were collected from various specimens such as pus, tracheal aspiration, wound swab, blood and urine in Microbiology department of Ziauddin Hospital, Nazimabad campus, Karachi. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method. Samples were processed as per procedures defined by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2018. RESULTS: About 55% were found to be multi drug resistant P. aeruginosa. Majority of the isolates (35.4%) were recovered from the age range 60-80 years. Maximum number of MDR P. aeruginosa was isolated from pus (33.1%) followed by tracheal aspiration (20.6%). Highest sensitivity was seen by colistin (100%) followed by ceftolozane/tazobactam (60%). Least sensitivity was observed with imipenem (19%). However, increase trend of resistance was seen among all antipesudomonal drugs. CONCLUSION: Increasing frequency of infections due to MDR P. aeruginosa is an emerging threat in our set up which can be prevented by prescribing antibiotics judiciously. Consistent lab detection and surveillance regarding this resistant pathogen is compulsory for providing effective health care to community.
