Factors influencing parental acceptance toward the use of passive immobilisation as behaviour guidance in children during dental treatment: a scoping review.

Exploring parental opinions regarding the use of passive immobilisation during dental treatment is critical when identifying behaviour guidance application priorities. Instead of being dismissed as an inappropriate and less favourable option, this article aims to systematically evaluate factors affecting parental acceptance toward the use of passive immobilisation as behaviour guidance among children during dental treatment in various populations and regions. This research follows Arksey and O'Malley framework and updated by Joanna Briggs Institute Framework for Scoping Reviews methodology to summarise 40 research papers from 1984 to 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO Host, Scopus, grey literature and Google search outlining the research trend of parental acceptance toward passive immobilisation as behaviour guidance. Factors influencing parental acceptance toward the use of passive immobilisation were classified into parental socio-economic and demographic characteristics, exposure method of the devices to the parents, type of dental procedures, and children's cooperation and cognitive level. In conclusion, the current explorative review of the parental perspective toward passive immobilisation proposed a recommendation and facilitate the dentist to consider this technique as an alternative option for behaviour guidance in paediatric dentistry.

A Randomized Cross-over Trial of Behavior Guidance Techniques on Children with Special Needs during Dental Treatment: The Caregivers' Perceived Mannerisms.

Aim: To compare caregivers' acceptance, consent, and concern toward utilization of a combination of basic behavior guidance technique (CBBGT) and Papoose Board (PB) for their special needs children and to evaluate the impact of PB usage on the caregiver's attitude and the association between their education level, monthly household income, and previous dental experience. Materials and Methods: This cross-over study incorporated 90 special needs children who were recruited to receive dental treatment with two ways of behavior guidance exposures consecutively in the order of A-B/B-A design. Exposure A is CBBGT (distraction, tell-show-do, and positive reinforcement), while Exposure B is PB. The dental procedures were either dental prophylaxis or restoration with a handpiece. Caregivers need to answer a paper-based questionnaire before and after exposure. The Wilcoxon sign rank test and logistic regression were utilized in order to establish the comparability, impacts, and association. Result: About 88 caregivers of special needs children aged between 2 and 15 years completed the sequence. Overall, 98.9% of the children presented with neurodevelopmental disorders. Twenty-seven caregivers were significantly concerned when the combination of basic BGT was applied to their children, and 14 caregivers felt the same for PB. However, the Wilcoxon sign rank test revealed insignificant caregiver scores on acceptance and consent for both methods but significantly improved attitudes towards the use of PB after observing the placement of their children. Conclusion: The studied caregiver demonstrated equivalent acceptance, consent, and concern toward the use of PB and a combination of basic BGT with improved attitudes after comprehensive explanation and real-time observation of PB usage during their children's dental treatment.

A Randomised Crossover Trial of Behaviour Guidance Techniques on Children with Special Health Care Needs during Dental Treatment: The Physiological Variations.

Passive immobilisation is regarded as able to potentially cause physical distress and intense anxiety manifestations. The study aims to investigate the physiological variations of children with special health care needs while using a Papoose board and a combination of basic behaviour guidance during dental treatment. This is a randomised crossover trial involving 90 children with special health care needs receiving standard dental care with two methods of behaviour guidance sequentially. Exposure A is a combination of tell-show-do, distraction, and positive reinforcement, while exposure B is passive immobilisation with a Papoose board. The subject child's blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation level were measured at four different times during dental treatment. In total, 74 children's physiological data were successfully collected with a mean age of 9.85 years (SD = 2.71). Further, 64.9% of the children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, 12.2% with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 9.5% with intellectual disability, 8.1% with Down syndrome, 2.2% with global developmental delay, and 1.1% with dyslexia and cerebral palsy, respectively. The measurement of children's blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation level with the application of a Papoose board or a combination of the basic behaviour guidance revealed no significant changes (p > 0.05). The use of a Papoose board is safe and has no discernible influence on the child's physiological responses.