Quality control in cochlear implant therapy: clinical practice guidelines and registries in European countries.

PURPOSE: The treatment with a cochlear implant (CI) is the gold standard in therapy of patients with profound hearing loss or deafness. Successful hearing rehabilitation with a CI is a complex, multi-stage process. In medicine, "Clinical Practice Guidelines" (CPG) are widely accepted for the standardization of such processes. These are supplemented by medical registries in which data regarding the treatment can be collected and evaluated. The aim of this paper is to identify currently existing CI-related CPGs and registries in Europe. METHODS: Between 01/2021 and 06/2021, 42 countries on the European continent, including the United Kingdom, Russia and Turkey, were screened using an internet search (search engine: Google) and a key word search in the Pubmed database. Search terms were the respective country name combined with the following terms: "Cochlear Implant", "CI", "Cochlear implant clinical practice guideline", "CI Guideline", "Cochlear Implant Registry", "CI Registry", "Ear nose throat society". The internet search was conducted in English as well as in the corresponding national language. The objective was to identify a CI-related CPG or registry. RESULTS: A CPG was found in 16 of 42 (38%) countries. In terms of population, this accounts for 645 million out of 838 million people (77%). A registry existed in 4 of the 42 (10%) countries assessed. This corresponds to 102 million out of 838 million (12%) people. In total, 4 out of 42 countries (10%) had both a CPG and a registry. CONCLUSION: Our work shows numerous efforts in Europe to standardize CI care at the national level. While most people in Europe already live in countries with a CPG, this is not the case for CI registries. European-wide consensus on CPGs or registries does not yet exist. The present study thus provides a first assessment of the distribution of CI-related CPGs and registries.

[Diagnosis and treatment of jugular vein thrombosis]. / Diagnostik und Therapie der Jugularvenenthrombose.

Thromboses in the head and neck region are rare events, particularly in the internal jugular vein. However, they can result in potentially hazardous complications. Possible triggers are inflammatory, traumatic, and (para-)neoplastic diseases. Clinical symptoms often are non-specific, and it is thus important to even consider the possibility of an internal jugular vein thrombosis. Sonography is the diagnostic tool of choice, which can be complemented by CT/MRI if necessary. Depending on the individual etiology, antithrombotic treatment including modern direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is advisable. In cases of sepsis, surgery is mandatory to control the focus. However, there is hardly any evidence concerning this unusual problem due to the low incidence.