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1.
Rev. lab. clín ; 7(4): 134-140, oct.-dic. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-130200

RESUMO

El actual brote de enfermedad por el virus del Ébola en África Occidental fue considerado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como una alerta sanitaria que constituye una urgencia de salud pública de importancia internacional. Los profesionales sanitarios debemos estar preparados estableciendo en nuestros hospitales procedimientos y protocolos de actuación basados en recomendaciones de instituciones sanitarias nacionales e internacionales con dos objetivos, garantizar la atención y manejo de pacientes con sospecha o confirmación de la enfermedad y la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores. El laboratorio clínico desempeña un papel fundamental y como tal ha de definir y establecer procedimientos específicos consensuados con los clínicos e integrados en los del propio centro, definiendo en primer lugar el modelo de organización que permita conseguir ambos objetivos. En esta revisión exponemos además nuestra experiencia basada en la atención a un paciente con la enfermedad confirmada que esperamos pueda servir de ayuda a otros centros (AU)


The ongoing Ebola virus outbreak in several countries in West Africa was considered by the World Health Organization as a public health emergency of international concern. Healthcare providers must be prepared in our hospitals by organizing specific procedures based on recommendations from national and international healthcare organizations. Two aims should be considered, appropriate medical care for patients with suspected or confirmed disease must be assured, as well as measures to prevent transmission to health-care workers. The clinical laboratory plays an important role and must define and establish its own procedures in agreement with clinicians and integrated into those of the institution, starting with the definition of the organization model in the laboratory to achieve those goals. Our experience based on the care of a patient with a confirmed case is presented, and it is hoped that it will help other colleagues to plan for Ebola (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/sangue , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/diagnóstico , Ebolavirus , Ebolavirus/isolamento & purificação , Ebolavirus/patogenicidade , Testes Laboratoriais/métodos , Diagnóstico Precoce , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Saúde Pública/métodos , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/transmissão , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S./organização & administração , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S./normas , 34661/prevenção & controle
2.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 49(5): 210-216, sept.-oct. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-127042

RESUMO

Introducción. La hipovitaminosis D es frecuente en los ancianos, especialmente entre los institucionalizados y/o con fractura de cadera. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre la prevalencia de este déficit en la población general mayor de 64 años de nuestro entorno. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en una cohorte poblacional urbana de mayores de 64 años, y analizar su relación con factores sociodemográficos, climáticos y de salud. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal a partir de la «cohorte de Peñagrande», de base poblacional y formada por mayores de 64 años. Se determinó el valor de 25-hidroxivitamina D en sangre y se recogieron variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, estado civil, nivel educativo, nivel socioeconómico), estación del año en que se realizó la determinación, y de salud (comorbilidad, obesidad, desnutrición, insuficiencia renal, deterioro cognitivo, discapacidad e ingesta de suplementos de vitamina D). Resultados. Se obtuvo una muestra de 468 individuos siendo el 53,4% mujeres y la edad media de 76 años (DE 7,7). El valor medio de vitamina D fue de 20,3 ± 11,7 ng/mL. El 86,3% (IC95%: 83,0-89,5) presentó insuficiencia vitamínica (≤ 30 ng/mL) y el 35,2% (IC95%: 30,8-39,7) deficiencia grave (≤ 15 ng/mL). La insuficiencia vitamínica se incrementa linealmente con la edad (OR 1,06; IC95%: 1,01-1,11), y con nivel socioeconómico bajo (OR 3,29; IC95%: 1,55-6,95). La deficiencia severa de vitamina D aumenta con la edad (OR 1,06; IC95%: 1,02-1,09), el sexo femenino (OR 1,80; IC95%: 1,18-2,75) y con deterioro cognitivo (OR 1,71; IC95%: 1,04-2,83). Conclusión. La prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en los mayores de 65 años de nuestra comunidad es elevada. Sería muy recomendable poder determinar los valores de vitamina D en mayores de riesgo en atención primaria con el objetivo de adoptar medidas de suplementación farmacológica en los pacientes con niveles no adecuados (AU)


ntroduction: Vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly, especially among institutionalized and/or hip fracture patients. However, there are few population studies on the prevalence of this deficiency in the general population over 64 years in our environment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an urban population cohort of over 64 years, and analyze its relationship with sociodemographic, climatic, and health factors. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study from « Peñagrande cohort », a population-based cohort consisting of people over 64 years. We determined 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and recorded sociodemographic data (age, sex, marital status, education, socioeconomic status), season of measurement and health variables (comorbidity, obesity, malnutrition, renal failure, cognitive impairment, vitamin D supplements, and disability). Results: A total of 468 individuals with a mean age of 76.0 years (SD: 7.7) were included, of which 53.4% were women. The mean value of vitamin D was 20.3 ± 11.7 ng/mL. The large majority (86.3%, 95% CI: 83.0-89.5) had a vitamin insufficiency ( ≤ 30 ng/ml), and 35.2% (95% CI: 30.8-39.7) showed severe vitamin deficiency ( ≤ 15 ng/ml). Vitamin insufficiency increases linearly with age (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11), and was associated with low socioeconomic status (OR 3.29; 95% CI: 1.55-6.95). Severe vitamin D deficiency increases with age (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.09), female gender (OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.18-2.75) and with cognitive impairment (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.04-2.83). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in people over 65 years of age in our community is high. It would be advisable to determine the vitamin D values in the high risk elderly in order to introduce measures of pharmacological supplementation in those with inadequate levels (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Deficiência de Vitamina D/dietoterapia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/prevenção & controle , Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado , Fatores Socioeconômicos , 24436 , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos de Coortes , Deficiência de Vitaminas/complicações
3.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 49(5): 210-6, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24530201

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly, especially among institutionalized and/or hip fracture patients. However, there are few population studies on the prevalence of this deficiency in the general population over 64 years in our environment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an urban population cohort of over 64 years, and analyze its relationship with sociodemographic, climatic, and health factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study from «Peñagrande cohort¼, a population-based cohort consisting of people over 64 years. We determined 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and recorded sociodemographic data (age, sex, marital status, education, socioeconomic status), season of measurement and health variables (comorbidity, obesity, malnutrition, renal failure, cognitive impairment, vitamin D supplements, and disability). RESULTS: A total of 468 individuals with a mean age of 76.0 years (SD: 7.7) were included, of which 53.4% were women. The mean value of vitamin D was 20.3 ± 11.7 ng/mL. The large majority (86.3%, 95% CI: 83.0-89.5) had a vitamin insufficiency (≤ 30 ng/ml), and 35.2% (95% CI: 30.8-39.7) showed severe vitamin deficiency (≤ 15 ng/ml). Vitamin insufficiency increases linearly with age (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11), and was associated with low socioeconomic status (OR 3.29; 95% CI: 1.55-6.95). Severe vitamin D deficiency increases with age (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.09), female gender (OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.18-2.75) and with cognitive impairment (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.04-2.83). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in people over 65 years of age in our community is high. It would be advisable to determine the vitamin D values in the high risk elderly in order to introduce measures of pharmacological supplementation in those with inadequate levels.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha , Saúde da População Urbana
4.
Rev. lab. clín ; 4(4): 196-200, oct.-dic. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-91590

RESUMO

Introducción. En las Unidades de Extracción, cada vez es mayor el número de pacientes portadores de un catéter reservorio vascular subcutáneo (CRVS) que solicitan su utilización para la extracción de muestras para análisis, sustituyendo la venopunción convencional. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la obtención de la muestra de sangre a través de CRVS, a pesar de la utilización de un procedimiento de extracción específico, modifica los resultados de las pruebas de coagulación básicas. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 10 pacientes que acudieron a la Unidad de Extracciones de nuestro hospital, atendidos de forma consecutiva por dos extractores experimentados. En cada paciente se obtuvieron 2 muestras de sangre, una mediante venopunción periférica y otra a través de CRVS, comparándose los resultados de las pruebas de coagulación (tiempo de protrombina-TP y fibrinógeno derivado, tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activado-TTPA y D-dímero). Resultados. En el caso del TTPA, se observaron diferencias estadística y clínicamente significativas entre las muestras obtenidas mediante venopunción y las obtenidas por el CRVS: las medias de los valores fueron 24,9s y 27,9s, respectivamente (p<0,05). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el caso de TP, fibrinógeno y D-dímero. Conclusiones. La diferencia observada en los resultados para el TTPA entre las muestras obtenidas desde CRVS comparada con la extracción venosa periférica sugiere la recomendación, en estos casos, de efectuar venopunción periférica. El uso del dispositivo CRVS resulta cómodo para el paciente, pero no es recomendable en todos los casos ya que puede ser motivo de errores de laboratorio (AU)


Introduction. The number of patients with Implantable Venous-Access Port Systems (IVAPS) seen in Phlebotomy Outpatients, as well as requests for drawing blood samples through this system instead of conventional venepuncture, are continuously increasing. The aim of this study was to assess if drawing blood samples through IVAPS, despite using a specific procedure, may alter results of basic blood coagulation tests. Material and methods. We studied 10 patients with IVAPS, who came to Phlebotomy Outpatients at our hospital, and who were attended to by two nurses with experience in handling these devices. Two samples were obtained from each patient, one of them drawn through IVAPS, and the other by peripheral venepuncture, and the results for blood coagulation tests (Prothrombin Time-PT, PT derived Fibrinogen, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time-APTT and D-Dimer) were evaluated. Results. Statistically and clinically significant differences were found, for APTT, between IVAPS and venepuncture: mean values were, respectively, 24.9s and 27.9s (P<.05). No other results (PT, PT derived Fibrinogen or D-Dimer) showed statistically significant differences. Conclusions. The difference observed in APTT results between samples drawn through IVAPS compared to samples obtained by venepuncture, suggests that peripheral venepuncture should be used in these patients. The use of IVAPS is convenient for the patient, but it is not always recommended, as it may lead to laboratory errors (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea/métodos , Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea/tendências , Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea , /métodos , Catéteres , Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea/instrumentação , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/métodos , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/tendências
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