Evaluation of albuminuria and its relationship with blood pressure in dogs with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria and hypertension have long been associated with a guarded prognosis in human patients with a variety of diseases. In veterinary medicine, tests for microalbuminuria have been used for detecting early kidney damage, but there is little information regarding its association with high blood pressure in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate albuminuria and its association with arterial hypertension in dogs with CKD. METHODS: Urinary albumin:creatinine (UAC) ratio, urinary protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio, and systolic blood pressure were determined in 39 clinically healthy dogs and 40 dogs with CKD. RESULTS: UAC in dogs with CKD (range, 0.002-7.99; median, 0.38) was statistically different from that of control dogs (range, 0.0005-0.01; median, 0.002). Microalbuminuria (UAC 0.03-0.3) and macroalbuminuria (UAC>0.3) were detected in 32.5% and 50% of dogs with CKD, respectively. Sixty percent (24/40) of dogs with CKD had systolic pressure > or =180 mmHg; in these dogs, UAC ratio (range, 0.006-7.99; median, 1.72) was significantly higher than in dogs with CKD and systolic pressure<180 mmHg (range, 0.002-4.83; median, 0.10). Of hypertensive dogs with CKD, those with UPC>1.0 usually had macroalbuminuria, those with UPC 0.5-1.0 usually had microalbuminuria, and those with UPC<0.5 usually lacked albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: UAC ratio was higher in hypertensive than in normotensive dogs with CKD. Tests designed to detect microalbuminuria may be useful for hypertensive dogs with CKD and a UPC < or = 1.0 to detect the onset and magnitude of albuminuria. Once macroalbuminuria is overt, the UPC ratio itself can be used for the same purpose.

Evaluation of albuminuria and its relationship with blood pressurein dogs with chronic kidney disease

Microalbuminuria and hypertension have long been associated with a guarded prognosis in human patients with a variety of diseases. In veterinary medicine, tests for microalbuminuria have been used for detecting early kidney damage, but there is little information regarding its association with high blood pressure in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD).The objective of this study was to evaluate albuminuria and itsassociation with arterial hypertension in dogs with CKD.Urinary albumin:creatinine (UAC) ratio, urinary protein:creatinine(UPC) ratio, and systolic blood pressure were determined in 39 clinicallyhealthy dogs and 40 dogs with CKD.UAC in dogs with CKD (range, 0.002–7.99; median, 0.38) was statistically different from that of control dogs (range, 0.0005–0.01; median, 0.002). Microalbuminuria (UAC 0.03–0.3) and macroalbuminuria(UAC40.3) were detected in 32.5% and 50% of dogs with CKD, respectively.Sixty percent (24/40) of dogs with CKD had systolic pressure Z180 mmHg; in these dogs, UAC ratio (range, 0.006–7.99; median, 1.72) was significantly higher than in dogs with CKD and systolic pressure o180mmHg (range, 0.002–4.83; median, 0.10). Of hypertensive dogswith CKD, those with UPC41.0 usually had macroalbuminuria, those with UPC 0.5–1.0 usually had microalbuminuria, and those with UPCo0.5 usually lacked albuminuria.UAC ratio was higher in hypertensive than in normotensive dogs with CKD. Tests designed to detect microalbuminuria may be useful for hypertensive dogs with CKD and a UPC 1.0 to detect the onset and magnitude of albuminuria. Once macroalbuminuria is overt, the UPC ratio itself can be used for the same purpose.