[Changes in vascular wall, blood insulin spectrum and hemostasis system in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and relevant correction]. / Izmeneniia sosudistoi stenki, insulinovogo spektra krovi i sistemnogo gemostaza u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom II tipa i vozmozhnosti ikh korrektsii.

AIM: The study of insulin blood spectrum, capillary morphology (by evidence of skin biopsies), antithrombogenic activity of the vascular wall in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; assessment of possible corrective therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 65 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) entered the trial. Concentrations of free, bound, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C peptide were measured before and 10, 30, 60, 120 min after intravenous injection of glucose. Microcirculatory bed condition was evaluated by the data from skin biopsies. Antithrombogenic characteristics of the vascular wall were investigated at-test. RESULTS: The tests discovered that DM patients had high IRI and low free insulin in high glucose levels; disorders of hemostasis, active proliferation in the microvessels. In patients with microangiopathy tiklid therapy given for 45 days reduced the speed and degree of platelet aggregation, improved fibrinolysis and clinical course of the disease. CONCLUSION: High level of IRI may be due to emergence of insulin-like substances dissociation of which produces peptides enhancing proliferative processes.

[The functional properties of the erythrocyte membranes in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. / Funktsional'nye svoistva membran éritrotsitov u bol'nykh khronicheskim glomerulonefritom.

Mg-, Ca-, Na-, K-ATPase, acetylcholine esterase and sulfhydryl groups of red blood cell membranes were evaluated in 40 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis in preazotemia stage versus 34 healthy controls. In chronic glomerulonephritis there was a significant fall in Ca-ATPase activity irrespective of the disease pattern. Na, K-ATPase tended tot a decrease contrary to sulfhydryl groups levels and acetylcholine esterase activity. In the nephrotic variant of the disease Na, K-ATPase, Ca-ATPase activity dropped and came to increase due to glucocorticosteroid treatment. The changes are attributed to modification of the lipid bilayer of the red blood cell membranes.

[The role of disorders in the structural-functional properties of the erythrocyte membranes and energy metabolism in the progression of anemia in patients with terminal kidney failure]. / Rol' narushenii strukturno-funktsional'nykh svoistv membran i énergoobmena éritrotsitov v progressirovanii anemii u bol'nykh s terminal'noi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

As many as 30 healthy persons and 65 patients suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis with terminal renal failure (TRF) placed on program dialysis were examined for lipid composition of the membranes and functional properties of red blood cells. By the gravity of anemia the patients were distributed into 2 groups. It has been established that in the red blood cell membranes, there was an increase of the content of cholesterol and sphingomyelin, and a decline of the content of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. In addition to the changes in the lipid content of red blood cells, the peripheral red blood cell pool showed an increase of the amount of pathologically shaped cells, a reduction of the cell capacity to deformation, a rise of the content of fibrinogen in the supramembranous layer. Destruction of the phospholipid matrix of the red blood cell membrane was attended by noticeable restructure of the work of the multienzymic complex of glycolysis, resulting in energy metabolism destabilization. Analysis of the data obtained has demonstrated that as the structural and functional properties of the membranes underwent alterations and the mechanisms of stabilization of red blood cell energy homeostasis got disintegrated, anemia in patients with TRF became graver.

[The mechanisms of the changes in the erythrocyte oxygen-transport function of patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing treatment by systematic hemodialysis]. / Mekhanizmy izmeneniia kislorodtransportnoi funktsii éritrotsitov u bol'nykh s khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu, nakhodiashchikhsia na lechenii sistematicheskim gemodializom.

Utilization by red blood cells of macroergic phosphates during cell incubation in polyionic medium was investigated in 15 healthy subjects and 20 glomerulonephritis patients on programmed hemodialysis for terminal chronic renal failure. By anemia severity the patients were divided into 2 groups. In less severe anemia there was more active utilization in glycolysis of 2,3-DPG and ATR in the presence of manifest oxidation of intraerythrocytic medium typical for Root effect predominance. This indicates that erythrocytic involvement into tissue oxygenation appears inadequate to high levels of macroergic phosphates. Hemodialysis in such patients promotes stabilization of red blood cell metabolism and Root effect suppression, thus contributing to maintenance of blood oxygen transport. In more severe anemia hemodialysis fails to establish biochemical grounds for improving erythrocytic gas transport function. The pattern of hemoglycolysis changes registered in cell incubation urge introduction of drugs stabilizing erythrocytic metabolism in the treatment of chronic renal failure.

[Central hemodynamics in subjects with excess body weight]. / Sostoianie tsentral'noi gemodinamiki u lits s izbytochnoi massoi tela.

A total of 482 patients (271 without any signs of cardiovascular diseases and 211 with angina pectoris) grouped in accordance with the degree of obesity were examined for central hemodynamics (CHD) by means of tetrapolar rheography. The most pronounced changes were recorded in patients with chronic coronary heart disease (CCHD) coupled with obesity, less pronounced in patients without obesity (the difference was significant). The same regularity was established in practically healthy persons: in those with obesity, the hemodynamic shifts significantly differed from the shifts seen in patients without obesity and appeared similar to the parameters of patients with CCHD. A noticeable correlation was established between the CHD parameters and Quetelet's index.