[Various approaches to treatment of dysentery in children]. / O nekotorykh podkhodakh k lecheniiu dizenterii u detei.

The clinical process, etiological pattern and results of antibacterial therapy of dysentery in 1105 children were analyzed by hospital records for the last 25 years. Significant changes in the etiology of dysentery were revealed. In the 1960s Shigella flexneri prevailed (56.3 per cent) and in the 1970-1990s Shigella sonnei prevailed (69.9 to 74.6 per cent) whereas the percentage of Newcastle dysentery was low and stable (1.5 to 8.7 per cent). Simultaneously, there were changes in antibiotic sensitivity of the Shigella strains. In the 1960s the Shigella strains were mainly sensitive to tetracyclines, in the 1970s they were mainly sensitive to levomycetin and polymyxin and in the 1980-1990s they were mainly sensitive to gentamicin, polymyxin, carbenicillin and ampicillin. Accordingly, the antibacterial therapy allowed for the sensitivity of the pathogen at the particular period. Biological preparations such as bifidum bacterin, bificol, lactobacterin, etc. should be used in the complex therapy of Shigella infection due to frequent affection of intestinal biocenosis.

[Comparative effectiveness of various antibiotics in the treatment of patients with meningococcal meningitis]. / Sravnitel'naia éffektivnost' razlichnykh antibiotikov v lechenii bol'nykh meningokokkovym meningitom.

The results of treating 322 patients with various forms of meningococcal infection accepted to a hospital within a year are presented. The patients were divided into 3 groups by the character of etiotropic therapy. The patients of group I were treated with benzylpenicillin and those of group 2 were treated with levomycetin sodium succinate. Group 3 included the patients, the therapy of whom with the above two antibiotics failed and they were subjected to treatment with cefazolin, cefotaxime, amikacin and other broad spectrum antibiotics. Benzylpenicillin generally proved to be the drug of choice in the antibacterial therapy of meningococcal infection. In comparison to levomycetin (chloramphenicol) it provide more rapid clinical recovery of the patients and normalization of the indices of the cerebrospinal fluid. Only failure of benzylpenicillin therapy was considered as an indication to the broad-spectrum antibiotics to be in the complex treatment of the patients. As additional methods for estimating the efficacy of antibacterial therapy it was recommended to employ calculation of the integral indices of hemograms (the leukocyte index of intoxication and the hematologic index of intoxication).

[Sensitivity to antibiotics of Salmonella isolated from children with a gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' sal'monell, vydelennykh ot detei, bol'nykh zheludochno-kishechnoi formoi sal'monelleza.

Six hundred and ten Salmonella strains isolated from children with the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis were investigated for their species composition and sensitivity to broad spectrum antibiotics, such as levomycetin, polymyxin, kanamycin, gentamicin and others. The agar diffusion method with paper disks was used in the investigation. S. typhimurium predominated in the etiological picture of salmonellosis in children and amounted to 72.5 per cent. Then followed S. stenleyvile (15.1 per cent). Salmonella of rare serovars amounted only to 14.2 per cent. The Salmonella strains were resistant to the majority of the antibiotics tested. The highest resistance levels were observed in S. stenleyvile and S. typhimurium. Salmonella of the rare serovars were more sensitive to the antibiotics. More than 80 per cent of the Salmonella strains were polyresistant to 6-8 antibiotics. This indicates that antibioticograms should be considered in the treatment of children with salmonellosis.