[Electrical activity of the retina in different axial lengths of the eye in humans]. / Elektricheskaia aktivnost' setchatki pri razlichnoi aksial'noi dline glaza u cheloveka.

In subjects with normal vision, we studied the relationship between the axial length of the eye and the amplitude-temporal characteristics of different types of ganzfield ERG. The amplitude of the ERG had the highest variability in the middle of the range of the axial eye lengths. The variability decreased at both ends of the range. With increasing axial length, the amplitude of the b-wave of all types of ERG decreased, and the latency decreased concurrently. The b-wave reflects the activity of the retinal ON-neurones depolarizing in response to the light stimulus. We assume that the decrease in the amplitude of b-wave may be related to the decreased number of photoreceptors and of neurons in the following retinal levels and/or increased inhibition in proximal retina, as well as an increase in relative activity of retinal OFF-neurones hyperpolarizing in response to the light stimulus.

[Effects of repeated courses of electrostimulation and psychophysiologic correction on visual system characteristics in patients with poor vision of different genesis]. / Vliianie povtornykh kursov élektrostimuliatsii i psikhofiziologicheskoi korrektsii na kharakteristiki zritel'noi sistemy pri slabovidenii raznoi étiologii.

The effect of 5 courses of transcutaneous electrostimulation and of a combination of electrostimulation and psychophysiological correction of vision on the visual functions is assessed in 47 patients (90 eyes) with poor sigh of different genesis. Courses of 8-10-days were administered twice a year for 2.5-3 years. Cluster analysis of 13 objective and subjective parameters of vision permitted singling out patients responding to treatment well and poorly (groups 1 and 2). The absolute and differential electric activities of the central retina were increased during and between the courses in the first group while in the second group the shifts in the retina were negligible. Retinal changes are believed to reflect the general processes of adjustment of its activity to the levels needed for maintaining the integral visual functions, increased during treatment.

[The efficacy of transcutaneous electrostimulation of the visual system in partial optic atrophy]. / Effektivnost' chreskozhnoi élektrostimuliatsii zritel'noi sistemy pri chastichnoi atrofii zritel'nykh nervov.

Effects of transcutaneous electric stimulation of the eyes on vision acuity, visual field, electric sensitivity, electric lability, Hanzfeld ERG and macular ERG were studied in 260 patients with partial atrophy of the optic nerve of various origins and with different degrees of visual function loss. Dispersion analysis of random samples showed that changes in each characteristic after electric stimulation depended on the initial value of this parameter: in general, the more manifest were deviations from the norm, the more marked was the improvement of this or that function. A conclusion is made on physiological nature of electric stimulation method used for the treatment of optic nerve atrophy.

[On--off impulse activity of carp retina amacrine cells]. / Impul'snaia aktivnost' on--off amakrinovykh kletok setchatki karpa.

Properties of spontaneous and light-evoked spikes of the "on--off" amacrine cells of the carp retina were studied. It was assumed that the dendrites of amacrine cells generated spike potentials and conducted them to the cell body. The data obtained suggest that the dendrites of amacrine cells have many spike-generation zones and that the transient depolarization component of the amacrine response to light is the compound spike consisting of many separate spikes generated in different parts of the dendritic arborization of cells. Possible functional role of dendritic spikes is discussed in respect to morphological properties of the "on--off" amacrine cells of the teleost fish retina.

[Rhythmic activity of individual elements of the isolated carp retina]. / Ritmicheskaia aktivnost' odinochnykh élementov izolirovannoi setchatki karpa

At the level of photoreceptor, bipolar and ganglion cells of the carp isolated retina displayed intracellular oscillations of two types: with frequency of about 6-12 Hz, continuously generated in darkness, suppressed by light and slowly recovering, and oscillations with frequency of about 20-50 Hz, observed during swithching on and off of light. The latter are components of responses to light of bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells. Possible role of different structures of the retina in generation of rhythmic potentials, and their functional significance are discussed.

[Intracellular on--off responses of carp retina amacrine cells adapted to the dark]. / Nekotorye osobennosti vnutrikletochnykh on--off-otvetov amakrinovykh kletok adaptirovannoi k temnote setchatki karpa

Dependence of the amplitude and latency of on and off responses of amacrine cells in the isolated dark-adapted carp retina upon the light spot intensity and diameter was studied by intracellular recordings. It is shown that the responses of amacrine cells to onset and offset of light consist of trasient depolarizations with oscillatory potentials and impulses. The latency of the on response decreases and the latency of the off response increases when the light spot intensity and diameter are increased. A dependence close to linearity on logarithm of the spot diameter up to 3 mm is observed for the on response amplitude with changes in intensity within 4 log. units. The amplitude and zone of summation of the off response decrease, when intensity of the stimulus is increased. It is supposed to result from differences in the amplitude and time characteristics to offset of light in the bipolars which give inputs to amacrine.