[Glycemia as a risk factor of reduced tolerance of hypoxic hypoxia in flight personnel]. / Glikemiia kak faktor riska ponizhennoi perenosimosti gipoksicheskoi gipoksii u letnogo sostava.

The glycemic level was measured in 61 people exposed to hypoxic hypoxia. Three major types of glycemic responses were identified: type I--no change (15.79%); type II--hypoglycemia (49.12%), and type III--hyperglycemia (35.09%). The subjects with a low resistance to hypoxic hypoxia typically showed a low glycemic level (57.5 +/- 2.5 mg%. P < 0.05). It is suggested that three types of glycemic responses to hypoxia reflect three major pathways of biochemical adaptation of the body. It is recommended to study hormonal changes in people with hyperglycemic responses to hypoxia. This will help determine hormonal levels responsible for hyperglycemia and, consequently, develop methods of early detection of susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. This approach may contribute to medical expertise and rehabilitation of the flying personnel.

[Hemodynamic types in pilots and their clinical and expert-evaluation significance]. / Tipy gemodinamiki u letnogo sostava, ikh klinicheskoe i ékspertnoe znachenie.

At the present time two approaches to the hemodynamics types can be distinguished in the literature: some authors maintain that they are variants of the norm, while others claim that they emerge in the course of disease. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the different viewpoints and to clarity the clinical and diagnostic role of hemodynamics types in aviation medicine. Altogether 293 pilots were examined, 49 of which were essentially healthy and 244 had various cardiovascular pathologies. It was found that the percentage ratio of the hemodynamics types in the subjects with neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type, stage I hypertensive disease, myocardiodystrophy and myocarditic myocardiosclerosis was the same (p less than 0.05) as in the healthy pilots. This indicates that hemodynamics types do not originate during disease, being rather variations of the norm. During orthostatic tests some subjects exhibited transition of one hemodynamic type to the other (e. g., hyperkinetic-to-eukinetic type transition, p less than 0.05); however, during the very first minute after exposure 90% of the subjects displayed their inherent types which pointed to their stability. Identification of the hemodynamics types in combination with measurement of central and peripheral circulation as well as bioelectric activity of the heart at rest and during orthostatic tests can improve the sensitivity of methods used to detect pathological changes at early stages and help to choose adequate rehabilitation procedures.

[Hemodynamic reactions to modified orthostatic test in persons with different +Gz tolerance]. / Issledovanie reaktsii gemodinamiki pri modifitsirovannoi ortostaticheskoi probe u lits s razlichnoi ustoichivost'iu k peregruzkam +Gz.

Hemodynamic responses to the passive and modified orthostatic tests were investigated in 27 low and 13 high +Gz susceptibility individuals. The modified orthostatic test included 5 min head-down tilt (-30 degrees) and head-up tilt (78 degrees) with occlusion cuffs (50 mm Hg and 100 mm Hg) applied to the upper third of the hip. Analysis of typological reactions in low and high +Gz susceptibility individuals revealed no significant differences in their tolerance to the above tests. It was found that during the 1st minute of the modified orthostatic test with 100 mm Hg pressure in the occlusion cuffs heart rate was lower and systolic blood volume was higher (p less than 0.05) than during the passive test. Differences in these parameters disappeared by the 10th minute of exposure. During the modified orthostatic test with 50 mm Hg pressure in the occlusion cuffs these parameters did not show statistically significant differences.