[Species structure and staphylococci bioprofile characteristics--ausative agents of perinatal infectious-inflammation pathology in children of Orenburg].

AIM: Analysis of taxonomic structure and bioprofile of staphylcocci--causative agents of cutaneous and ophthalmic forms of perinatal infectious-inflammation pathology (IIP) in Orenburg neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacteriologic study in 308 neonates with clinical signs of cutaneous and ophthalmic forms of perinatal IIP was carried out with isolation of microorganisms from lesions and their species (genus) identification by generally accepted methods. The presence of hemolytic, anti-lysozyme, activity, ability to form biofilms, resistance to antimicrobial cationic peptides of human leukocytes (intercid) and thrombocytes (trombodefensins), sensitivity to antibiotics were determined in the isolated staphylococci strains. RESULTS: Staphylococci dominated in the structure of causative agents of cutaneous and ophthalmic forms of perinatal IIP (76.2%) and among those coagulase-negative staphylococci had a priority position (82.4 ± 3.4%). Staphylococci had a distinctive pathogenic potential and frequently had antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSION: Perinatal IIP is examined as a variant of endogenous bacterial infection. The necessity of microbiologic monitoring for development of effective approaches to therapy and prophylaxis of perinatal IIP is justified.

[Effect of thrombodefensins on the course of chronic staphylococci dermatitis on in vivo model].

AIM: Evaluate therapeutic effect of thrombodefensins (TD) on the course of chronic staphylococci dermatitis (CSD) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TD was obtained from human thrombocytes. 24 CBRB-Rb(8.17)1Iem line female mice were used in the experiment, that were divided into 2 equal groups. Staphylococcus aureus strain producing exfoliative exotoxin was isolated from withers of each mouse with signs of affection. Mice of the experiment group subcutaneously around the locus of affection, received for 4 weeks daily a composition in the volume of 0.2 ml, that contains 1 g of dry lyophilized TD diluted in 10 ml of 0.9% NaCl (final concentration of the preparation--15 µg/ml). Control group animals similarly received 0.9% solution of NaCl without TD. Area and degree of the affected zone on the back was evaluated in all the mice. Statistical significance of differences in the values of parameters was determined by t-criteria. RESULTS: At the start of the experiment the average area of the affected zone in mice of both groups was 167 ± 17 mm2. From day 8 to 23 the expansion of the affection zone was observed, however in the experiment group of mice these negative tendencies were less pronounced. At the end of the experiment on day 50 the area of affection was significantly smaller (2.3 times) in the experiment group of mice compared with the control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The anti-staphylococci effect of TD, demonstrated in the study, opens perspective of their clinical use in CSD therapy.

[Role of persistence characteristics of microorganisms in pathogenesis of endogenous infections].

Definition of endogenous bacterial infections (EBI) is formulated as well as their nosological variability is demonstrated and clinical and microbiological characteristics are characterized. Universal scheme of pathogenesis of these infections with separation of key phases of their course: premorbid phase, colonization, alteration, sanation or persistence. Important role of persistence characteristics of microorganisms for the development of EBI, which provide survival of agents during contacts with humoral and cellular effectors of host's immunity, is substantiated.

[Physico-chemical properties of staphylococci of different species in resistance to human thrombodefensins].

Testing 54 strains of staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. warneri, S. hominis, S. capitis) revealed that S. aureus in contrast to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) is more resistant to bactoriocidal action of human thrombodefensins (resistance index: 60.3 vs 25.6%), less hydrophilicolipophilic balance-HLB: -0.42 vs -0.64) and less charged (x-potential: -32.4 vs -35.6 mV). In groups of staphylococci (S. aureus and CNS) correlation links of bacterial resistance to human thrombodefensins with their HLB and x-potential (r=-0.32...-0.36). By In vitro experiments, it was shown that 5 passages of staphylococci in meat-peptonic broth with human thrombodefensins (50 mkg protein/ml) lead to adaptation of bacteria followed by the formation of resistance to cationic peptides from thrombocytes, a decrease of hydrophobicity and x-potencial. The role of physico-chemical properties in providing thrombodefensin-resistance of staphylococci as a developmental factor of infectious-and-inflammatory process and persistence of bacteria was confirmed with Salmonella infection.

[The effect of the intra- and extracellular metabolites of microorganisms isolated from various ecotopes on the catalase activity of Staphylococcus aureus 6538P]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti katalazy Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P pod vliianiem metabolitov mikroorganizmov, vydelennykh iz raznykh ékotopov.

The cell extracts (i.e., intracellular metabolites) and culture liquids (i.e., extracellular metabolites) of microorganisms isolated from various ecotopes were found to inhibit the catalase activity of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, which resulted in a considerable inhibition of the growth of metabolite-treated S. aureus cells by hydrogen peroxide. The inhibitory effect of microbial metabolites on S. aureus catalase can be considered as a mechanism of intercellular interactions responsible for the formation of microbiocenoses.

[Effect of vaginal Lactobacillus metabolites on biological properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli]. / Izmenenie biologicheskikh svoistv Staphylococcus epidermidis i Escherichia coli pod vliianiem metabolitov vaginal'nykh laktobatsill v éksperimente.

The influence of supernatants and cell extracts of vaginal lactic acid bacilli on the growth, catalase, antilysozyme and anticomplementary activity of S. epidermidis and E. coli was studied. Changes observed in the persistence characteristics of these microorganisms were found to develop in different directions: in S. epidermidis a decrease in antilysozyme activity was mainly observed, while in E. coli the suppression of anticomplementary activity was registered. The modifying influence of lactic acid flora, revealed in this investigation, is regarded as one of the mechanisms facilitating the formation of microbiocenosis and ensuring colonization resistance.

[Characteristics of changes in microbiocenosis in patients with chronic nonspecific urethritis]. / Kharakteristika izmenenii mikrobiotsenoza u bol'nykh khronicheskim nespetsificheskim uretritom.

The species composition and the complex of biological characteristics of microflora in the front section of urethra in healthy males and in patients with chronic nonspecific urethritis. The study revealed that in patients with chronic nonspecific nongonococcal urethritis changes in the microbiocenosis of the urethra were observed. These changes were manifested by a decrease in the number of species, the appearance of Grain-negative enterobacterial flora and an increase in the persistence potential of symbiotic bacteria. These disturbances are regarded as the manifestation of urogenital dysbiosis.

[Effect of radio wave-induced hyperthermia on microflora of the prostate in the treatment of prostatitis associated with infertility]. / Vliianie radiovolnovoi gipertermii na mikrofloru predstatel'noi zhelezy pri lechenii prostatita, oslozhnennogo besplodiem.

The influence of hyperthermia induced by radiowaves on the microflora of the prostate in cases of male sterility was studied. The use of hyperthermia was shown to produce a stable decrease in bacteriospermia and the persistence potential of bacteria isolated from sperm. Hyperthermia produced a bactericidal effect not only on microorganisms contained in sperm but also on the microflora of prostatic tissues 1 cm deep. The study gave grounds for treating male sterility with the use of hyperthermia induced by radiowaves and a subsequent course of antibiotics to achieve the stable decrease of bacteriospermia and the restoration of the reproductive function.

[The role of the microbial factor in the pathogenesis of male infertility]. / Rol' mikrobnogo faktora v patogeneze muzhskogo besplodiia.

Microorganisms can be isolated from most seminal fluid samples, but the significance of bacteriospermia is uncertain because many males lack symptoms associated with the bacterial infection of the reproductive tract. The data on the influence of urogenital tract infections of fertility are contradictory. In many cases opportunistic microorganisms cause such classical infections of the urogenital tract as epididymitis and prostatitis, as well as subclinical reproductive tract infections. Some possible pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of infertility linked with infection of the ejaculate are considered: its direct effect on the fertile properties of the seminal fluid due to a decrease in the number of spermatozoa, the suppression of their motility, changes in their morphology and fertilizing capacity, its indirect influence due to the inhibition of spermatogenesis resulting from testicular damage, autoimmune processes induced by inflammation, secretory dysfunction of the male accessory sex glands as a consequence of the infection of the reproductive tract organs, leukocytospermia with its secondary influence of the ejaculate parameters, etc. The importance of the pathogenic properties of microorganisms for the localization of the inflammatory process in the urogenital tract of males and their role in the pathogenesis of male infertility are discussed.

[Correction of the microbiocoenosis of the male urogenital tract in the course of hormonal therapy]. / Korrektsiia mikrobiotsenoza urogenital'nogo trakta muzhchin na fone gormonal'noi terapii.

The effect of androgenic preparations on the urogenital tract microflora in males of the reproductive age with chronic prostatitis has been studied. As the result of the use of androgens, the normalization of the microflora of ejaculate has been noted, which is characterized by the restoration of normal microflora (corynebacteria and lactic bacteria), a decrease in the content, or elimination, of opportunistic microorganisms and the inhibition of their persistence potential. The method for the correction of the dysbiosis of the male urogenital tract is proposed.

[Treatment of chronic prostatitis complicated by asthenozoospermia using transurethral radio-wave hyperthermia]. / Lechenie khronicheskogo prostatita, oslozhnennogo astenozoospermiei transuretral'noi radiovolnovoi gipertermiei.

The efficacy of transurethral radiowave hyperthermia (TRH) provided by Thermex-2 unit (Dyrex Systems Ltd, Israel) was studied in combined treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis complicated by asthenozoospermia (patent of RF N 2111773). The treatment reduced intensity of bacteriospermia, improved functional activity of spermatozoa as a result of attenuation of the opportunistic microflora. Mechanisms of action of TRH in therapy of chronic prostatitis are discussed.

[Use of lysozyme in the treatment of male infertility]. / Primenenie lizotsima pri lechenii muzhskogo besplodiia.

The results of the study of the influence of lysozyme on fertile characteristics of ejaculate obtained from sterile patients are presented. Improvement of functional activity of spermatozoa in vitro due to lysozyme has been determined. The method of the treatment of infertile couples by homologous insemination is proposed.

[The role of persisting microflora in the development of pathospermia]. / Rol' persistiruiushchei mikroflory v formirovanii patospermii.

The paper presents the results of the study of species composition and biological signs of microflora of the ejaculate obtained from infertile males. The strains of the microorganisms were characterized by high adhesive capacity and multiple resistance to antibiotics. High antilysozyme activity in staphylococci and enterobacteria isolated from the sterile patients was registered. The correlation between spermatozoa motility, lysozyme level in the ejaculate and bacterial ability to inactivate lysozyme is demonstrated the hypothesis about the role of persistent properties of bacteria in pathogenesis of male infertility is discussed.

[The photometric determination of the antilysozyme activity of microorganisms]. / Fotometricheskoe opredelenie antilizotsimnoi aktivnosti mikroorganizmov.

The method for the determination of the antilysozyme activity (ALA) of microorganisms, based on the photometric determination of the residual activity of enzyme with the use of Micrococcus lysodeikticus test culture after the incubation of the strain under test and lysozyme, is proposed. The new method enhances the reliability of the determination of the ALA of microorganisms due to an increase in the accuracy of the quantitative determination of ALA. The elimination of the stage of interaction between the growing bacterial culture and lysozyme and the presence of the antilysozyme factor in the supernatant fluid confirm the constructive and secretory character of antilysozyme activity.

[A nutrient medium for the isolation of escherichiae with persistence properties]. / Pitatel'naia sreda dlia vydeleniia ésherikhii s persistentnymi svoistvami.

The possibility of establishing the etiological and epidemiological importance of Escherichia on the basis of the determination of their persistence factors made it necessary to develop simple and, at the same time, informative methods for their indication. For this purpose a new selective medium for the isolation of Escherichia with persistence properties was developed and approved. The use of this medium permits the early detection of persistent strains in the process of their isolation from a human body and environmental objects. The nutrient medium may be used in clinics, as well as in sanitary and hygienic practice, especially in the system of microbiological screening studies.

[The role of Staphylococcus epidermidis persistence factors in the infectious process]. / Rol' faktorov persistentsii Staphylococcus epidermidis v infektsionnom protsesse.

The species composition of microflora was determined and the etiological role of S. epidermidis was shown in some purulent inflammatory diseases (maxillary sinusitis, urethritis). The role of the complex of S. epidermidis persistence factors in the chronization of the infectious process and the formation of the resident carrier state was established.

[The effect of steroid hormone preparations on the persistence and growth characteristics of staphylococci]. / Vliianie preparatov steroidnykh gormonov na persistentnye i rostovye kharakteristiki stafilokokkov.

The influence of sex steroid hormones on the antilysozyme activity and growth characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus was studied. The study revealed that in the process of the cultivation of S. aureus in the presence of the hormones the antilysozyme of these bacteria became lower and the degree of heterogeneity of the population with regard to the sign under study decreased. The nonuniform influence of the hormones on the growth characteristic of staphylococci was registered. The data obtained in this study may be used for explanation of mechanisms of the formation of the microbiocenosis of the reproductive system.

[The dynamics of the species composition and antilysozymal activity of ejaculate microflora under the action of local hyperthermia]. / Dinamika vidovogo sostava i antilizotsimnoi aktivnosti mikroflory éiakuliata pod vozdeistviem lokal'noi gipertermii.

Changes in the antilysozyme activity of bacteria under the action of high temperature and short-wave hyperthermia have been studied. The regulating influence of these factors on the species composition and persistence characteristics of the microflora of ejaculate obtained from sterile patients has been demonstrated. A method for the treatment of male sterility is proposed.