[The isolation and characteristics of continuous virus-producing lymphoid suspension cultures of African green monkey cells]. / Poluchenie i kharakteristika perevivaemykh virusprodutsiruiushchikh limfoidnykh suspenzionnykh kul'tur kletok afrikanskikh zelenykh martyshek.

Five continuous lymphoid suspension cell cultures were established by cultivation of lymphocytes from African green monkeys. The immunological typing revealed the mixed pattern of cultures consisting of B and T cell types. Two types of viruses: herpesvirus and retrovirus C-type were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Indirect immunofluorescence and molecular hybridization studies showed one of the viruses to be an EBV-related herpesvirus of green monkeys designated HVGM and the other to belong to H (S) TLV-1 group.

[Malignant lymphoma in rabbits induced by the administration of herpes virus-containing material from brown macaques]. / Zlokachestvennye limfomy u krolikov, vyzvannye vvedeniem materiala, soderzhashchego virus gerpesa burykh makakov.

Oncogenicity for rabbits of lymphotropic herpesvirus of M. arctoides (HVMA) isolated by us earlier from lymphoid cells of lines MAL-1-3 has been shown in the course of studies. Inoculation of animals both with HVMA-containing cells and cell-free virus caused the development of generalized malignant lymphomas of prolymphocytic-lymphoblastic character leading the animals to death. The molecular hybridization method permitted revealing DNA sequences related to the DNAs of B-lymphotropic herpesviruses of primates in the cells of HVMA-containing cultures, primarily-induced tumours, and in a cell line established from rabbit tumour. This fact is indicative of etiological role of HVMA in the development of malignant lymphomas in rabbits. The question about the origin of the C type particles found in MAL-1-3 and OK-1 cells remains open.

[Morphology of coronaviruses from different species of monkeys in the Sukhumi nursery]. / Morfologiia koronavirusov raznykh vidov obez'ian Sukhumskogo pitomnika.

The ultrastructure of coronaviruses from 46 out of 111 monkeys examined (baboons, macaques, green monkeys, langurs) was studied by negative staining in homogenates of different parts of the intestinal tract, pancreatic gland, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, and brain. Because of marked pleomorphism of coronaviruses it is suggested that morphological variants of the viruses may be distinguished. No relationship between pleomorphism of virus particles and species differences of monkeys and their organ pathology was established. Morphological signs distinguishing simian coronaviruses from those of man were noted.

Isolation and biological characterization of an adenovirus of rhesus macaques.

The etiology of a disease in rhesus monkeys the main clinical manifestation of which was acute conjunctivitis of an epizootic character has been studied. The cytopathogenic agent well propagating in primarily trypsinized kidney cells of monkeys has been isolated when investigating the affected eye mucosa. It was not pathogenic for laboratory animals. The mean diameter of the virions is 75 nm, the buoyant density in CsCl is 1.34 g/cm3, the viral DNA density is 1.706 g/cm3. The biological properties and findings of physicochemical, electron-microscopic, and serologic investigations allow one to allocate the isolated agent to the SV-37 strain, a representative of the adenovirus group.

[Characteristics of encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from sick monkeys]. / Kharacteristika virusa éntsefalomiokardita, vydelennogo ot bol'nykh obez'ian

A cytopathic filterable agent designated EMC-70 was isolated in 1970 from Macaca rhesus monkeys with encephalomyocarditis. Its biologic and physico-chemical properties were studied. A number of primary and continuous cell cultures were found to be susceptible to the virus, and it was pathogenic for monkeys and small laboratory animals but did not multiply in chick embryos. The virus was stable to chlorofrom, thermolabile, stable to acids, and agglutinated group O erythrocytes of man, sheep, guinea pig. Electron microscopic examinations of infected cells revealed crystalline packings of subunits about 50 nm in diameter typical of picornaviruses. Serological studies demonstrated close antigenic relationship of the isolate with the virus belonging to encephalomyocarditis group.

[Antigen-inducing activity of blood preparations from leukemia patients]. / Antigenindutsiruiushchaia aktivnost' preparatov krovi ot leikoznykh bol'nykh

The evidence of appearance of specific surface antigen in the blood leukocytes of monkeys inoculated with cell-containing or cell-free materials from patients with leukemia (different variants of acute leukemia, chronic myelo- and lympholeukemia) with various clinicohematological characteristics is presented. The results of comparisons of the electron microscope and immunofluorescent examinations of experimental and control monkeys showed that the majority of the experimental animals with positive immunofluorescent tests were shown by the electron microscope examinations to have virus particles type C.

Transmission of human leukaemia to nonhuman primates.

The experiments described show that inoculation of two monkey species, M. arctoides and P. hamadryas, with human leukaemic blood or its filtrates causes a viral disease with the characteristics of malignant lymphoma of mixed type. The disease was passed in subsequent passages. The virus was isolated and identified as an oncornavirus of C-type by its characteristic morphological appearance and buoyant density (1.16 g/cm3 in sucrose and 1.21 g/cm3 in caesium chloride), and by the presence of 60-70S RNA and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. There is some evidence that it differs immunologically from other known oncornaviruses of mammals including primates. It is postulated that both horizontal and vertical transmission of this oncornavirus can occur.