Evaluation of the potential pathogenicity of microorganisms associated with urinary calculi.

Due to the prevalence of postoperative complications in the treatment of urolithiasis, the study of the contamination of urinary calculi and the potential pathogenicity of isolated bacteria is of great importance in laboratory diagnostic practice. It has been shown that uropathogenic bacteria are found in the composition of urinary stones in 65±7.1% of cases, mainly representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae families. Bacteria of the generas Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus were most frequently detected. The analysis of biofilm activity and antibiotic resistance in 50 uropathogenic strains was carried out. It was shown that all the studied strains were resistant to at least two tested drugs, and the average value of the multiple resistance index was 0.51. When cultured on nutrient agar with Congo red, it was shown that more than half of the tested strains have high biofilm activity and about 80% potential for biofilm formation. The greatest biofilm activity was observed in bacteria of the generas Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus.

[The individual approach to energy consumption among the sambo sportsmen].

In the present survey the results of energy expenditure investigation of 14-16 years old (n=100) male sambo athletes', studying at Center of Sport and Education "Sambo-70", at the stage of the instant arrangement for startup, are presented. Serious differences in the level of athletes' energy expenditure depending on training load have been identified in the course of investigations. On the ground of the pre-contest stage training model the combinations of the most common conditioning exercises are determined. By the analysis of energy expenditure out of training and during the training activity, the average data of general (daily) energy expenditure in accordance with the amount and the direction of training load are deduced. The difference between the roughest and the rest day amounted to 2075 kcal a day. The significant varies in energy expenditure of different weight category athletes have been found. It has been revealed that during the single training load execution of the same volume and intensity, the representatives of the lightweight athletes (45-50 kg) burn, at the average, 377 kcal less than the heavy-weight ones (81-85 kg), which amounts not less than 15% of the energy value of average daily ration.

Anticancer substances of mushroom origin.

The present status of investigations about the anticancer activity which is inherent to medicinal mushrooms, as well as their biomedical potential and future prospects are discussed. Mushroom products and extracts possess promising immunomodulating and anticancer effects, so the main biologically active substances of mushrooms responsible for immunomodulation and direct cytoto-xicity toward cancer cell lines (including rarely mentioned groups of anticancer mushroom proteins), and the mechanisms of their antitumor action were analyzed. The existing to date clinical trials of mushroom substances are mentioned. Mushroom anticancer extracts, obtained by the different solvents, are outlined. Modern approaches of cancer treatment with implication of mushroom products, including DNA vaccinotherapy with mushroom immunomodulatory adjuvants, creation of prodrugs with mushroom lectins that can recognize glycoconjugates on the cancer cell surface, development of nanovectors etc. are discussed. The future prospects of mushroom anticancer substances application, including chemical modification of polysaccharides and terpenoids, gene engineering of proteins, and implementation of vaccines are reviewed.

[A novel subspecies of entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae protense subsp. N.(Nematoda: steinernematidae) from Iakutiia]. / Novyi podvid éntomopatogennykh nematod Steinernema feltiae protense subsp. N.(Nematoda: steinernematidae) iz Iakutii.

A new subspecies of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae protense subsp. n., isolated from Yakutia grasslands is described. These nematodes demonstrate a high invasion activity to insect-hosts at 6 degrees C, maximum infestation of insect-hosts was registered at 13-21 degrees C.

[The distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorabditidae in Russia and their morphological characteristics]. / Rasprostranenie éntomopatogennykh nematod semeistv Steinernematidae i Heterorabditidae v Rossii i ikh morfologicheskaia kharakteristika.

The data on a distribution of nematode species of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorabditidae in the northern and southern regions of the Russian Federation are given. Morphological characters of geographic isolates of some nematode species are not different, while their invasive activities in dependence of a temperature are different. Steinernema feltiae occurs in all climate zones, S. carpocapsae is restricted in distribution, nematode species of the family Heterorabditidae were found in southern regions only.

[Various indicators of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood in patients of reproductive age with dysfunctional uterine hemorrhage]. / Sostoianie nekotorykh pokazatelei kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy krovi u bo'lnykh s disfunktsiona'lnymi matochnymi krovotecheniiami reproduktivnogo perioda.

Fifteen women with dysfunctional uterine hemorrhages [DUH] of the reproductive period and ten women aged 20 to 30 with normal two-phase menstrual cycle were examined. Measurements of the blood plasma kallikrein and prekallikrein activities in normal females have revealed a direct correlation between kallikrein level and colpocytologic data and an inverse correlation between prekallikrein level and these data. An incessant growth of kallikrein content was detected in DUH patients, whereas their prekallikrein levels were much lower than in the controls. A manifest activation of the kallikrein-kinin system was detected in the patients with DUH of the reproductive period, augmenting with the development of the proliferative processes in the endometrium.

[Experimental study of ophthalmic embryopathy of herpetic etiology]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie oftal'moémbriopatii gerpeticheskoi étiologii.

The teratogenic effect of herpes simplex virus was studied in white rats and in organ cultures of rat embryo eye rudiments. In herpetic infection, changes in the lens fibers, delayed formation of the vitreous body cavity, disturbed differentiation of the retina, appearance of typical and atypical colobomas were observed significantly more frequently than in controls. The models used in the study are suitable for experimental investigations of the pathogenesis of ophthalmoembryopathies of herpetic etiology.