RESUMO
Fucoidans are biologically active sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae. They have a great structural diversity and a wide spectrum of biological activity. This review is intended to outline what is currently known about the structures of fucoidans and their radioprotective effect. We classified fucoidans according to their composition and structure, examined the structure of fucoidans of individual representatives of algae, summarized the available data on changes in the yields and compositions of fucoidans during algae development, and focused on information about underexplored radioprotective effect of these polysaccharides. Based on the presented in the review data, it is possible to select algae, which are the sources of fucoidans of desired structures and to determine the best time to harvest them. The use of high purified polysaccharides with established structures increase the value of studies of their biological effects and the determination of the dependence "structure - biological effect".
Assuntos
Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Galactose/análise , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Phaeophyceae/química , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Sulfatos/químicaRESUMO
The action of seven polyhydroxylated sterol mono- and disulfates (1-7), isolated from ophiuroids, on innate and adaptive immunity was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments. At least, three of them (1, 2 and 4) increased the functional activities of neutrophils, including levels of oxygen-dependent metabolism, adhesive and phagocytic properties, and induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8. Compound 4 was the most active for enhancing the production of antibody forming cells in the mouse spleen.
