RESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a single dose of a beta2-agonist, terbutaline (Bricanyl Turbuhaler), on resting lung function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study and outpatients from a department of pulmonary medicine at a major inner-city hospital, we examined 26 individuals with chronic obstructive lung disease who met the criteria of 40% = FEV1 = 70% of predicted, FEV1/FVC = 70%, and DeltaFEV1 = 200 ml 20 min after inhalation of 1 mg of terbutaline. The patients inhaled 2.5 mg of terbutaline and matched placebo. At rest, terbutaline caused significant increases in DLCO, MVV12sec, and all spirometric indices derived from the flow-volume loop, the increases also being significantly larger than those after inhalation of 1 mg of terbutaline for FEV1, FVC, and PEF. The peak work rate was unchanged after terbutaline. Oxygen uptake, ventilation, and tidal volume at peak work rate increased significantly, whereas carbon dioxide elimination increased insignificantly. Cumulative oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination during progressive exercise to exhaustion and 10 min of recovery were significantly higher after terbutaline. We concluded that despite significant improvements in resting lung function, inhalation of 2.5 mg of terbutaline did not increase exercise capacity, but it increased cumulative oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination during exercise and recovery, presumably because of a thermogenic effect of terbutaline.
Assuntos
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Tolerância ao Exercício/efeitos dos fármacos , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Terbutalina/farmacologia , Administração por Inalação , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Função Respiratória , Terbutalina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The objective of this study was to examine the bronchodilating effect of an inhaled long acting beta2-agonist (salmeterol) after a high dose of an inhaled short acting beta2-agonist (salbutamol) in asthma patients. We used a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, studying seven subjects with moderate asthma, treated with inhaled steroids and highly reversible to salbutamol and salmeterol. 1.5 h after salmeterol inhalation, the mean difference in FEV1 between salbutamol and placebo pretreatment days was 6.31% and ranged from 0.02 to 1.05%, 2.5-10.5 h after salmeterol inhalation. We concluded that the effect measured as the duration of bronchodilation of salmeterol is not decreased by previously inhaled salbutamol. We only found a trend toward an additive effect of combining salbutamol and salmeterol, probably because the high dose of salbutamol did not give room for further improvement in FEV1. In accordance with other clinical studies we were unable to demonstrate any clinical implications of the salmeterol partial beta2-antagonism known from animal and in vitro studies.
Assuntos
Albuterol/análogos & derivados , Albuterol/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Administração por Inalação , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Albuterol/uso terapêutico , Asma/fisiopatologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Xinafoato de Salmeterol , Autocuidado , EspirometriaRESUMO
In a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over study the efficacy and safety of inhaled salmeterol 50 mcg (b.i.d.) was compared with oral salbutamol controlled release 8 mg (b.i.d.). Fifty-nine patients with moderate asthma were randomized to two four-week periods of treatment with a two-week washout period. During the study period the patients were allowed to use inhaled Salbutamol on a prn. basis. Inhaled steroids, if any, were continued. On diary cards patients recorded peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) morning and evening before medication, asthma symptom score, and use of inhaled salbutamol. Salmeterol was more effective than salbutamol CR in decreasing daily symptoms (p = 0.001) and increasing morning-PEFR (p = 0.004). Salmeterol resulted in significantly more days without symptoms (p = 0.0004) and days and nights without need for rescue medication (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01). Salmeterol was better tolerated than salbutamol CR.
Assuntos
Albuterol/análogos & derivados , Albuterol/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Administração por Inalação , Adulto , Idoso , Asma/fisiopatologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Xinafoato de Salmeterol , ComprimidosRESUMO
Frequency and prognostic importance of extrapulmonary manifestations have been examined in 254 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis. A follow-up was carried out after a median of 27 years from diagnosis. All patients could be traced. Extrapulmonary manifestations were found in 119 patients (47%), mostly occurring within the first years after diagnosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis; skin manifestations were most frequently seen. ECG-abnormalities were found in 35 patients (14%); in 17 cases in the form of sinus tachycardia. No excess mortality was found (80 deaths observed versus 66 expected). The causes of death were related to sarcoidosis in 41%. Only tachycardia was associated with an unfavourable prognosis and this association vanished after adjusting for decreased lung function. None of the other extrapulmonary manifestations were associated with an unfavourable vital prognosis. Erythema nodosum was of no prognostic significance concerning survival. In conclusion, extrapulmonary manifestations are frequent in patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis but do not influence vital prognosis.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Idoso , Cardiomiopatias/mortalidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/mortalidade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Even though the clinical efficacy is not well established, theophylline is commonly prescribed as a second or third line drug after inhaled beta 2-agonists and corticosteroids for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The therapeutic index is narrow, and therefore theophylline is often given in a "safe standard dose", e.g. 300 mg b.i.d. We studied the long-term effect of sustained-release theophylline 300 mg b.i.d. over four weeks in 48 patients with severe irreversible COPD (FEV1: 0.99 +/- 0.45 l, FVC: 2.21 +/- 0.68 l) in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. During theophylline treatment there was significant improvements in dyspnoea score (p < 0.001) and morning peak-flow (p < 0.05). In spite of this, there was no significant change in the patients' "sense of well-being" or their daily use of inhaled beta-agonist. Spirometric tests or arterial blood gas values did not change significantly either. It is concluded that addition of theophylline in a "safe standard dose" (i.e. 300 mg b.i.d.) has only limited value in these patients.